Mengumpulkan log audit GitHub
Didukung di:
Google SecOps
SIEM
Dokumen ini menjelaskan cara menyerap log audit GitHub ke Google Security Operations menggunakan Amazon S3. Parser mencoba mengekstrak data dari kolom "message" menggunakan berbagai pola grok, yang menangani format JSON dan non-JSON. Berdasarkan "process_type" yang diekstrak, logika parsing tertentu diterapkan menggunakan grok, kv, dan filter lainnya untuk memetakan data log mentah ke dalam skema Model Data Terpadu (UDM).
Sebelum memulai
Pastikan Anda memiliki prasyarat berikut:
- Instance Google SecOps.
- Akses istimewa ke tenant GitHub Enterprise Cloud dengan izin pemilik perusahaan.
- Akses istimewa ke AWS (S3, IAM).
Kumpulkan prasyarat GitHub Enterprise Cloud (Akses Enterprise)
- Login ke Konsol Admin GitHub Enterprise Cloud.
- Buka Setelan Enterprise > Setelan > Log audit > Streaming log.
- Pastikan Anda memiliki izin pemilik perusahaan untuk mengonfigurasi streaming log audit.
- Salin dan simpan detail berikut di lokasi yang aman:
- Nama GitHub Enterprise
- Nama organisasi dalam perusahaan
Mengonfigurasi bucket AWS S3 dan Identity and Access Management untuk Google SecOps
- Buat bucket Amazon S3 dengan mengikuti panduan pengguna ini: Membuat bucket
- Simpan Name dan Region bucket untuk referensi di masa mendatang (misalnya,
github-audit-logs). - Buat Pengguna dengan mengikuti panduan pengguna ini: Membuat pengguna IAM.
- Pilih Pengguna yang dibuat.
- Pilih tab Kredensial keamanan.
- Klik Create Access Key di bagian Access Keys.
- Pilih Layanan pihak ketiga sebagai Kasus penggunaan.
- Klik Berikutnya.
- Opsional: Tambahkan tag deskripsi.
- Klik Create access key.
- Klik Download file .CSV untuk menyimpan Kunci Akses dan Kunci Akses Rahasia untuk referensi di masa mendatang.
- Klik Done.
Mengonfigurasi kebijakan IAM untuk streaming S3 GitHub
- Di konsol AWS, buka IAM > Policies > Create policy > JSON tab.
- Salin dan tempel kebijakan berikut.
Policy JSON (ganti
github-audit-logsjika Anda memasukkan nama bucket yang berbeda):{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Sid": "AllowPutObjects", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "s3:PutObject", "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::github-audit-logs/*" } ] }Klik Berikutnya > Buat kebijakan.
Beri nama kebijakan
GitHubAuditStreamingPolicy, lalu klik Buat kebijakan.Kembali ke pengguna IAM yang dibuat sebelumnya.
Pilih tab Izin.
Klik Add permissions > Attach policies directly.
Telusuri dan pilih
GitHubAuditStreamingPolicy.Klik Berikutnya > Tambahkan izin.
Mengonfigurasi streaming log audit GitHub Enterprise Cloud
- Login ke GitHub Enterprise Cloud sebagai pemilik perusahaan.
- Klik foto profil Anda, lalu klik Setelan perusahaan.
- Di sidebar akun perusahaan, klik Setelan > Log audit > Streaming log.
- Pilih Konfigurasi streaming, lalu klik Amazon S3.
- Di bagian Authentication, klik Access keys.
- Berikan detail konfigurasi berikut:
- Region: Pilih region bucket (misalnya,
us-east-1). - Bucket: Ketik nama bucket yang ingin Anda streaming (misalnya,
github-audit-logs). - Access Key ID: Masukkan ID kunci akses Anda dari pengguna IAM.
- Secret Key: Masukkan kunci rahasia Anda dari pengguna IAM.
- Region: Pilih region bucket (misalnya,
- Klik Periksa endpoint untuk memverifikasi bahwa GitHub dapat terhubung dan menulis ke endpoint Amazon S3.
- Setelah Anda berhasil memverifikasi endpoint, klik Simpan.
Membuat pengguna & kunci IAM hanya baca untuk Google SecOps
- Buka Konsol AWS > IAM > Pengguna > Tambahkan pengguna.
- Klik Add users.
- Berikan detail konfigurasi berikut:
- Pengguna: Masukkan
secops-reader. - Jenis akses: Pilih Kunci akses – Akses terprogram.
- Pengguna: Masukkan
- Klik Buat pengguna.
- Lampirkan kebijakan baca minimal (kustom): Pengguna > secops-reader > Izin > Tambahkan izin > Lampirkan kebijakan secara langsung > Buat kebijakan.
JSON:
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": ["s3:GetObject"], "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::github-audit-logs/*" }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": ["s3:ListBucket"], "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::github-audit-logs" } ] }Nama =
secops-reader-policy.Klik Buat kebijakan > cari/pilih > Berikutnya > Tambahkan izin.
Buat kunci akses untuk
secops-reader: Kredensial keamanan > Kunci akses > Buat kunci akses > download.CSV(Anda akan menempelkan nilai ini ke feed).
Mengonfigurasi feed di Google SecOps untuk menyerap log GitHub
- Buka Setelan SIEM > Feed.
- Klik + Tambahkan Feed Baru.
- Di kolom Nama feed, masukkan nama untuk feed (misalnya,
GitHub audit logs). - Pilih Amazon S3 V2 sebagai Jenis sumber.
- Pilih GitHub sebagai Jenis log.
- Klik Berikutnya.
- Tentukan nilai untuk parameter input berikut:
- URI S3:
s3://github-audit-logs/ - Opsi penghapusan sumber: Pilih opsi penghapusan sesuai preferensi Anda.
- Usia File Maksimum: Menyertakan file yang diubah dalam beberapa hari terakhir. Defaultnya adalah 180 hari.
- ID Kunci Akses: Kunci akses pengguna dengan akses ke bucket S3.
- Kunci Akses Rahasia: Kunci rahasia pengguna dengan akses ke bucket S3.
- Namespace aset: namespace aset.
- Label penyerapan: label yang diterapkan ke peristiwa dari feed ini.
- URI S3:
- Klik Berikutnya.
- Tinjau konfigurasi feed baru Anda di layar Selesaikan, lalu klik Kirim.
Jenis peristiwa
Tabel berikut mencantumkan jenis peristiwa dan kondisi untuk jenis peristiwa:
| event_type | Kondisi |
|---|---|
NETWORK_CONNECTION |
[has_target] == "true" && [has_principal] == "true" |
PROCESS_LAUNCH |
[has_principal] == "true" && [has_target_process] == "true" |
STATUS_UPDATE |
[has_principal] == "true" |
USER_LOGIN |
[raw][message] =~ "Authentication success" or [message] =~ "Authentication success" && ([has_target]== "true" || [has_target_user] == "true") |
USER_RESOURCE_CREATION |
[has_target_resource] == "true" && [has_principal_userid] == "true" && [action] in ["personal_access_token.create" ,"repository_vulnerability_alert.create"] |
USER_RESOURCE_DELETION |
[has_target_resource] == "true" && [has_principal_user] == "true" && [action] in ["hook.destroy" ,"protected_branch.destroy" ,"public_key.delete"] |
USER_RESOURCE_DELETION |
[has_target_resource] == "true" && [has_principal_userid] == "true" && [action] in [ "hook.destroy" ,"protected_branch.destroy" ,"public_key.delete"] |
USER_RESOURCE_UPDATE_CONTENT |
[has_target_resource] == "true" && [has_principal_userid] == "true" && [action] in [ "pull_request.merge" , "hook.events_changed"] |
USER_RESOURCE_UPDATE_PERMISSIONS |
[has_target_resource] == "true" && [has_principal_userid] == "true" && [action] in ["repo.update_actions_secret","protected_branch.update_pull_request_reviews_enforcement_level", "org.update_member" ,"protected_branch.update_admin_enforced" ,"protected_branch.update_required_status_checks_enforcement_level","org.integration_manager_removed" ,"repo.update_member", "repo.add_member"] |
USER_UNCATEGORIZED |
[has_principal_userid] == "true" |
Tabel pemetaan UDM
| Kolom log | Pemetaan UDM | Keterangan |
|---|---|---|
above_lock_quota |
additional.fields |
|
above_warn_quota |
additional.fields |
|
ac_ms |
additional.fields |
|
accept |
additional.fields |
|
action |
metadata.product_event_type |
Untuk log JSON. |
action |
security_result.summary |
Untuk log syslog. |
active |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
active_job_id |
additional.fields |
|
actor |
principal.user.userid |
|
actor_id |
principal.user.attribute.labels.value |
|
actor_ip |
principal.ip |
|
actor_is_agent |
additional.fields |
|
actor_is_bot |
principal.user.attribute.labels |
|
actor_location.country_code |
principal.location.country_or_region |
|
actor_session |
additional.fields |
|
additional_list |
additional.fields |
|
additional_string |
additional.fields |
|
after |
additional.fields |
|
alert_id |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
alert_number |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
alert_numbers |
additional.fields |
|
allow_deletions_enforcement_level |
additional.fields |
|
allow_force_pushes_enforcement_level |
additional.fields |
|
allow_private_repository_forking |
additional.fields |
|
application_name |
target.application |
|
aqueduct_job_id |
additional.fields |
|
auth_tries |
additional.fields |
|
babeld |
additional.fields |
|
banner |
additional.fields |
|
before |
additional.fields |
|
best_cipher |
additional.fields |
|
best_kex |
additional.fields |
|
best_mac |
additional.fields |
|
best_sigtype |
additional.fields |
|
Body |
security_result.description |
|
branch |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
branches |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
business |
additional.fields |
|
business_id |
additional.fields |
|
cactive |
additional.fields |
|
calling_workflow_refs |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
calling_workflow_shas |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
changes.body.from |
additional.fields |
|
charset |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.app |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.app.events |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.app.owner |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.app.client_id |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.app.created_at |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.app.description |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.app.events |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.app.external_url |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.app.html_url |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.app.id |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.app.name |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.app.node_id |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.app.slug |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.app.updated_at |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.conclusion |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.id |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.check_suite.url |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.completed_at |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.conclusion |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.output |
additional.fields |
|
check_run.started_at |
additional.fields |
|
check_suite (semua subkolomnya) |
additional.fields |
|
check_suite.app (semua subkolomnya) |
additional.fields |
|
check_suite.app.events |
additional.fields |
|
check_suite.app.owner (semua subkolomnya) |
additional.fields |
|
check_suite.head_commit (semua subkolomnya) |
additional.fields |
|
cid |
additional.fields |
|
cipher |
network.tls.cipher |
|
client_id |
principal.user.attribute.labels |
|
cloning |
additional.fields |
|
code |
additional.fields |
|
CodeNamespace |
additional.fields |
|
comment (semua subkolomnya) |
additional.fields |
|
comment.performed_via_github_app (semua subkolomnya) |
additional.fields |
|
comment.performed_via_github_app.events |
additional.fields |
|
comment.reactions (semua subkolomnya) |
additional.fields |
|
commit.author |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
commit.commit.author.date |
additional.fields |
|
commit.commit.author.email |
additional.fields |
|
commit.commit.author.name |
additional.fields |
|
commit.commit.tree.url |
additional.fields |
|
commit.commit.verification |
additional.fields |
|
commit.committer |
additional.fields |
|
commit.parents |
additional.fields |
|
commit.sha |
additional.fields |
|
commit.url |
additional.fields |
|
commit_oid |
additional.fields |
|
committer_date |
additional.fields |
|
completed_at |
vulns.vulnerabilities.scan_end_time |
|
config.content_typt |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
config.insecure_ssl |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
config.secret |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
config.url |
target.url |
|
considers.site.admin |
additional.fields |
|
content_type |
target.file.mime_type |
|
cr |
additional.fields |
|
create_protected |
additional.fields |
|
created_at |
metadata.event_timestamp |
Nilai dikonversi dari milidetik UNIX menjadi stempel waktu. |
credential |
detection_fields |
|
ctotal |
additional.fields |
|
data._document_id |
metadata.product_log_id |
|
data.active_job_id |
additional.fields |
|
data.aqueduct_job_id |
additional.fields |
|
data.business |
target.administrative_domain |
|
data.business_id |
additional.fields |
|
data.cancelled_at |
extensions.vulns.vulnerabilities.scan_end_time |
Nilai dikonversi dari format ISO8601 menjadi stempel waktu. |
data.category_type |
security_result.category_details |
|
data.dn |
additional.fields |
|
data.email |
target.user.email_addresses |
|
data.entry_found |
additional.fields |
|
data.event |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
data.events |
security_result.about.labels.value |
|
data.head_branch |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
data.head_sha |
target.file.sha256 |
|
data.hook_id |
target.resource.product_object_id |
|
data.job |
target.application |
|
data.operation_type |
additional.fields |
|
data.started_at |
extensions.vulns.vulnerabilities.scan_start_time |
Nilai dikonversi dari format ISO8601 menjadi stempel waktu. |
data.team |
target.group.group_display_name |
|
data.trigger_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
data.uid |
additional.fields |
|
data.workflow_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
data.workflow_run_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
default_new_repo_branch |
additional.fields |
|
default_repo_visibility |
additional.fields |
|
default_repository_permission |
additional.fields |
|
degraded |
additional.fields |
|
dependency_scope |
additional.fields |
|
deployment.environment |
additional.fields |
|
disable_members_can_create_repositories |
additional.fields |
|
disable_members_can_delete_repositories |
additional.fields |
|
disable_user_org_creation |
additional.fields |
|
disk_info |
additional.fields |
|
disk_py_file |
additional.fields |
|
dismiss_stale_reviews_on_push |
additional.fields |
|
dotcom_contributions |
additional.fields |
|
dotcom_user_license_usage_upload |
additional.fields |
|
duration_ms |
additional.fields |
|
ecosystem |
additional.fields |
|
enforcement_level |
additional.fields |
|
enterprise |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
enterprise.name |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
environment_name |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
error |
additional.fields |
|
external_id |
additional.fields |
|
external_identity_nameid |
target.user.email_addresses |
Jika nilainya adalah alamat email, nilai tersebut akan ditambahkan ke array target.user.email_addresses. |
external_identity_nameid |
target.user.userid |
|
external_identity_username |
additional.fields |
Dipetakan ke additional.fields jika tidak diisi di target.user.user_display_name. |
external_identity_username |
target.user.user_display_name |
Dipetakan saat diisi di target.user.user_display_name. |
features |
additional.fields |
|
filtered |
additional.fields |
|
filtered_request_body.query |
additional.fields |
|
fluentbit_pod_name |
additional.fields |
|
fp_sha256 |
additional.fields |
|
frontend |
additional.fields |
|
frontend_pid |
intermediary.process.pid |
|
frontend_ppid |
intermediary.process.parent_process.pid |
|
fs_host |
target.hostname |
|
fsc_ms |
additional.fields |
|
fully_qualified_domain_name |
additional.fields |
|
gh.sdk.name |
additional.fields |
|
gh.sdk.version |
additional.fields |
|
gh.timerd.timer.name |
additional.fields |
|
ghsa_id |
additional.fields |
|
git.maxobjectsize |
additional.fields |
|
git_dir_safe |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_after |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_before |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_compare |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_created |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_deleted |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_forced |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_head_commit_author_email |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_head_commit_author_name |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_head_commit_author_username |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_head_commit_committer_email |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_head_commit_committer_name |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_head_commit_committer_username |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_head_commit_distinct |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_head_commit_msg1 |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_head_commit_timestamp |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_pusher_email |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_pusher_name |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_ref |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_repository_has_projects |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
github_event_repository_master_branch |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_repository_organization |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_repository_owner_name |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_repository_stargazers |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
github_event_workflow_job_completed_at |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
gpv |
additional.fields |
|
handler_code |
additional.fields |
|
hashed_token |
network.session_id |
|
head_branch |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
head_sha |
target.file.sha256 |
|
healthy |
additional.fields |
|
hmac |
additional.fields |
|
hook_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
host.name |
principal.user.attribute.labels |
|
http_version |
network.application_protocol_version |
|
id |
metadata.product_log_id |
|
ignore_approvals_from_contributors |
additional.fields |
|
imode |
additional.fields |
|
imperfect |
additional.fields |
|
InstrumentationScope |
additional.fields |
|
integration_id |
additional.fields |
|
intel.flat |
additional.fields |
|
is_hosted_runner |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
issue (semua subkolomnya) |
additional.fields |
|
issue.pull_request (semua subkolomnya) |
additional.fields |
|
job_name |
target.resource.attribute.labels.value |
|
job_workflow_ref |
target.resource.attribute.labels.value |
|
job_workflow_sha |
target.resource.attribute.labels.value |
|
kafka_cluster |
additional.fields |
|
kex |
additional.fields |
|
keytype |
additional.fields |
|
kubernetes.container_image |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
kubernetes.container_name |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
kubernetes.host |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
kubernetes.labels.app |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
kubernetes.labels.chart |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
kubernetes.labels.component |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
kubernetes.labels.heritage |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
kubernetes.labels.pod-template-hash |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
kubernetes.labels.release |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
kubernetes.labels.system |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
kubernetes.namespace_name |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
kubernetes.pod_ip |
principal.ip, principal.asset.ip |
|
kubernetes.pod_name |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
last_state_change_at |
additional.fields |
|
last_state_change_reason |
additional.fields |
|
lat |
principal.location.region_coordinates.latitude |
|
ldap.debug_logging_enabled |
additional.fields |
|
level |
security_result.severity |
|
lfs_auth_scope |
additional.fields |
|
lfs_deploy_key_header |
additional.fields |
|
lfs_verify_reason |
additional.fields |
|
linear_history_requirement_enforcement_level |
additional.fields |
|
lock_allows_fetch_and_merge |
additional.fields |
|
lock_branch_enforcement_level |
additional.fields |
|
log_level |
security_result.severity |
|
log_source |
additional.fields |
|
log_source_file |
target.file.full_path |
|
logData.Count |
additional.fields |
|
logData.Metrics.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
logType |
additional.fields |
|
lon |
principal.location.region_coordinates.longitude |
|
loop |
additional.fields |
|
matched_policies |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
member |
target.user.attribute.labels |
|
merge_queue_enforcement_level |
additional.fields |
|
method |
additional.fields |
|
multi_repo |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
mysql_component |
additional.fields |
|
mysql_warning_code |
additional.fields |
|
name |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
non_integer_id |
additional.fields |
|
ns |
additional.fields |
|
number |
additional.fields |
|
oauth_application |
principal.application |
|
oauth_application_id |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
|
oauth_party |
additional.fields |
|
offset |
additional.fields |
|
old_permissions |
additional.fields |
|
old_repo_permissions |
additional.fields |
|
org |
target.administrative_domain |
|
org_id |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
organization.url |
additional.fields |
|
original_user_agent |
additional.fields |
|
overridden_codes |
additional.fields |
|
owner |
principal.user.user_display_name |
|
owner_id |
principal.user.userid |
|
package |
additional.fields |
|
package_name |
target.application |
|
parent |
additional.fields |
|
parent_installation_id |
additional.fields |
|
partition |
additional.fields |
|
path_info |
additional.fields |
Ini adalah pemetaan saat jalur sudah dipetakan ke target.file.full_path. |
path_info |
target.file.full_path |
Ini adalah pemetaan saat jalur belum dipetakan ke target.file.full_path. |
pgroup |
additional.fields |
|
pk_ms |
additional.fields |
|
prin_ip |
principal.ip, principal.asset.ip |
|
prin_port |
principal.port |
|
prin_usr |
principal.user.userid |
|
pro_pid |
target.process.pid |
|
probe_fail |
additional.fields |
|
probe_ok |
additional.fields |
|
programmatic_access_type |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
pubkey_creator_id |
additional.fields |
|
pubkey_creator_login |
additional.fields |
|
pubkey_fingerprint |
additional.fields |
|
pubkey_id |
additional.fields |
|
pubkey_verifier_id |
additional.fields |
|
pubkey_verifier_login |
additional.fields |
|
public_repo |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
public_repo |
target.location.name |
|
publicly_leaked |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
pull_request.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
pull_request._links.comments.href |
additional.fields |
|
pull_request._links.commits.href |
additional.fields |
|
pull_request._links.html.href |
additional.fields |
|
pull_request._links.issue.href |
additional.fields |
|
pull_request._links.review_comment.href |
additional.fields |
|
pull_request._links.review_comments.href |
additional.fields |
|
pull_request._links.self.href |
additional.fields |
|
pull_request._links.statuses.href |
additional.fields |
|
pull_request.base.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
pull_request.base.repo.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
pull_request.base.repo.owner.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
pull_request.head.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
pull_request.head.owner.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
pull_request.head.repo.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
pull_request.head.user.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
pull_request.requested_reviewers.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
pull_request.requested_teams.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
pull_request.user. (dan semua sub-field-nya kecuali login) |
principal.user.attribute.labels |
|
pull_request.user.login |
principal.user.user_display_name |
|
pull_request_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
pull_request_title |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
query_string |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
queue_duration |
additional.fields |
|
quotas_enabled |
additional.fields |
|
rate_limit |
additional.fields |
|
rate_limit_family |
additional.fields |
|
rate_limit_key |
additional.fields |
|
rate_limit_remaining |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
rate_limit_reset |
additional.fields |
|
rate_limit_used |
additional.fields |
|
raw.at |
additional.fields |
|
raw.hashed_token |
network.session_id |
|
raw.token_type |
additional.fields |
|
raw.url |
target.url |
|
raw.user_agent |
network.http.user_agent, network.http.parsed_user_agent |
|
raw_login |
additional.fields |
|
read_only |
additional.fields |
|
readonly |
additional.fields |
|
reasons |
additional.fields |
|
ref |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
replicas |
additional.fields |
|
repo |
target.resource.name |
|
repo_id |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
repo_owner_login |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repo_owner_type |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repo_public |
additional.fields |
|
repository |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.archive_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.assignees_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.blobs_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.branches_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.clone_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.collaborators_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.comments_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.commits_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.compare_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.contents_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.contributors_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.created_at |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.custom_properties. (dan semua sub-kolomnya) |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.deployments_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.downloads_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.events_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.fork |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.forks_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.full_name |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.git_commits_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.git_refs_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.git_tags_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.git_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.homepage |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
repository.hooks_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.html_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.issue_comment_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.issue_events_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.issues_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.keys_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.labels_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.languages_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.license |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
repository.merges_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.milestones_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.mirror_url |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
repository.name |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.node_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.notifications_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.open_issues_count |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.avatar_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.events_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.followers_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.following_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.gists_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.gravatar_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.html_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.node_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.organizations_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.received_events_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.repos_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.site_admin |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.starred_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.subscriptions_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.type |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.owner.user_view_type |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.private |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.pulls_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.pushed_at |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.releases_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.size |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.ssh_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.stargazers_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.statuses_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.subscribers_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.subscription_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.svn_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.tags_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.teams_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.topics |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
repository.trees_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.updated_at |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository.visibility |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
repository_public |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
req_content_type |
target.file.mime_type |
|
request_access_security_header |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
request_auth |
additional.fields |
|
request_body |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
request_duration |
additional.fields |
|
request_host |
principal.ip, principal.asset.ip |
Jika alamat IP ada, pemetaan dilakukan ke principal.ip (mempertahankan pemetaan principal.hostname yang ada). |
request_method |
network.http.method |
Nilai dikonversi menjadi huruf besar. |
requested_reviewers.* |
additional.fields |
Tanda bintang (*) menunjukkan bahwa ini mencakup semua subkolom. |
require_code_owner_review |
additional.fields |
|
require_last_push_approval |
additional.fields |
|
required_approving_review_count |
additional.fields |
|
required_deployments_enforcement_level |
additional.fields |
|
required_review_thread_resolution_enforcement_level |
additional.fields |
|
rerun_type |
additional.fields |
|
res_type |
target.resource.resource_subtype |
|
response_time |
additional.fields |
|
review_id |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
route |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
rpc.jsonrpc.error_code |
network.http.response_code |
|
rpc.jsonrpc.error_message |
security_result.summary |
|
rule_suite_id |
security_result.rule_id |
|
run_attempt |
additional.fields |
|
run_number |
additional.fields |
|
runner_labels |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
runner_owner_type |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
runner_tenant_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
s3_tag |
additional.fields |
|
secret_type |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
secret_types |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
secrets_passed |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
sender.id |
src.user.product_object_id |
|
sender.login |
src.user.user_display_name |
|
sender.node_id |
src.asset_id |
|
sender.type |
src.user.title |
|
sender.url |
src.url |
|
service |
target.resource.name |
|
service.version |
additional.fields |
|
serviceName |
target.resource.name |
|
severity (jika tinggi) |
security_result.severity |
|
SeverityText |
security_result.severity |
|
shallow |
additional.fields |
|
sign_in_verification_method |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
signature_requirement_enforcement_level |
additional.fields |
|
sigtype |
additional.fields |
|
source |
src.resource.name |
|
spec |
additional.fields |
|
sr |
additional.fields |
|
ss |
additional.fields |
|
started_at |
vulns.vulnerabilities.scan_start_time |
|
stateless |
additional.fields |
|
status_code |
network.http.response_code |
|
strict_required_status_checks_policy |
additional.fields |
|
subject.business.id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
subject.owner.id |
additional.fields |
|
subject.owning_organization.id |
principal.group.product_object_id |
|
subject.repository.id |
target.resource.product_object_id |
|
subject.repository.internal |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
subject.repository.owner.id |
additional.fields |
|
subject.repository.public |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
subject.repository.writable |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
subject.type |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
synthetic_status |
additional.fields |
|
tar_application |
target.application |
|
telemetry.sdk.name |
additional.fields |
|
tenant_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
tid |
additional.fields |
|
time |
metadata.event_timestamp |
|
time_duration_ms |
additional.fields |
|
time_zone |
additional.fields |
|
timestamp |
metadata.event_timestamp |
|
tls_version |
network.tls.version |
|
token_id |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
token_scopes |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
topic |
additional.fields |
|
total |
additional.fields |
|
transport_protocol |
additional.fields |
|
transport_protocol_name |
network.application_protocol |
Nilai dikonversi menjadi huruf besar. |
ts |
metadata.event_timestamp |
Jika process_type adalah github_production. |
TTY |
additional.fields |
|
twirp_method |
additional.fields |
|
twirp_package |
additional.fields |
|
twirp_service |
additional.fields |
|
twirp_status |
network.http.response_code |
|
two_factor_type |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
type |
additional.fields |
|
unavailable |
additional.fields |
|
updated_at |
metadata.collected_timestamp |
|
url_path |
target.url |
|
usage_metrics |
additional.fields |
|
user |
target.user.userid |
|
user.id |
target.user.attr.labels |
Jika actor.id ada. |
user.id |
target.user.userid |
Jika actor.id tidak ada. |
user_agent |
network.http.parsed_user_agent |
Nilai diuraikan. |
user_agent |
network.http.user_agent |
|
user_id |
target.user.userid |
|
user_operator_mode |
additional.fields |
|
user_programmatic_access_id |
additional.fields |
|
user_renaming_enabled |
additional.fields |
|
user_spammy |
additional.fields |
|
version |
metadata.product_version |
Pemetaan ini mencakup log JSON. |
visibility |
additional.fields |
|
vk_ms |
additional.fields |
|
vulnerability_id |
additional.fields |
|
vulnerable_version_range_id |
additional.fields |
|
workflow |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
workflow.name |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_job.head_branch |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
workflow_job.name |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
workflow_job.workflow_name |
security_result.detection_fields |
|
workflow_run.actor. (dan semua subkolomnya kecuali kolom login, yang disertakan di setiap subkolom) |
principal.user.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.actor.login |
principal.user.userid |
|
workflow_run.artifacts_url |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
workflow_run.cancel_url |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
workflow_run.check_suite_id |
additional.fields |
|
workflow_run.check_suite_node_id |
additional.fields |
|
workflow_run.check_suite_url |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
workflow_run.conclusion |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.created_at |
metadata.event_timestamp |
|
workflow_run.display_title |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.event |
additional.fields.value.string_value |
|
workflow_run.event |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.head_branch |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.head_commit |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
workflow_run.head_repository |
additional.fields |
|
workflow_run.head_sha |
target.file.sha256 |
|
workflow_run.html_url |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.id |
target.resource.attribute.labels.value |
|
workflow_run.jobs_url |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
workflow_run.logs_url |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
workflow_run.name |
target.resource.name |
|
workflow_run.node_id |
target.resource.product_object_id |
|
workflow_run.path |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.previous_attempt_url |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
workflow_run.pull_requests |
about.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.repository |
additional.fields |
|
workflow_run.rerun_url |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
|
workflow_run.run_attempt |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.run_number |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.run_started_at |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.status |
security_result.description |
|
workflow_run.triggering_actor |
additional.fields |
|
workflow_run.updated_at |
metadata.collected_timestamp |
|
workflow_run.url |
target.url |
|
workflow_run.workflow_id |
security_result.about.labels.value |
|
workflow_run.workflow_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
|
workflow_run.workflow_url |
target.resource.attributes.labels |
Referensi delta rilis
Pada 8 Januari 2026, Google SecOps merilis versi baru parser GitHub, yang mencakup perubahan signifikan.
Delta pemetaan kolom log
Tabel berikut mencantumkan delta pemetaan untuk kolom log GitHub ke UDM yang diekspos sebelum 8 Januari 2026 dan setelahnya (masing-masing tercantum di kolom Pemetaan lama dan Pemetaan saat ini):
| Kolom log | Pemetaan lama | Pemetaan saat ini |
|---|---|---|
action (untuk log JSON) |
metadata.product_event_type, security_result.summary,security_result.detection_fields |
metadata.product_event_type |
action (untuk log syslog) |
additional.fields, security_result.summary |
security_result.summary |
business |
additional.fields, target.user.company_name |
additional.fields |
business_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
additional.fields |
data.email |
target.email |
target.user.email_addresses |
data.event |
security_result.about.labels |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
data.head_branch |
security_result.about.labels |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
data.hook_id |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
target.resource.product_object_id |
data.team |
target.user.group_identifiers |
target.group.group_display_name |
data.trigger_id |
security_result.about.labels |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
data.workflow_id |
security_result.about.labels |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
data.workflow_run_id |
security_result.about.labels |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
hashed_token |
additional.fields |
network.session_id |
hook_id (untuk log JSON) |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
name |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
oauth_application_id |
additional.fields |
principal.resource.attribute.labels |
pull_request_id |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
pull_request_title |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.archive_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.assignees_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.blobs_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.branches_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.clone_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.collaborators_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.comments_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.commits_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.compare_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.contents_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.contributors_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.created_at |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.deployments_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.downloads_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.events_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.fork |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.forks_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.full_name |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.git_commits_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.git_refs_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.git_tags_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.git_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.hooks_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.html_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.id |
additional |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.issue_comment_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.issue_events_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.issues_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.keys_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.labels_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.languages_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.merges_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.milestones_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.name |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.node_id |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.notifications_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.avatar_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.events_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.followers_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.following_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.gists_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.gravatar_id |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.html_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.id |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.node_id |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.organizations_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.received_events_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.repos_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.site_admin |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.starred_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.subscriptions_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.type |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.owner.user_view_type |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.private |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.pulls_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.pushed_at |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.releases_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.size |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.ssh_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.stargazers_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.statuses_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.subscribers_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.subscription_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.svn_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.tags_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.teams_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.trees_url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.updated_at |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.url |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository.visibility |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
repository_public |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
res_type |
target.resource.type |
target.resource.resource_subtype |
sender.id |
src.user.product_object_id, additional.fields |
src.user.product_object_id |
sender.login |
additional.fields, src.user.user_display_name |
src.user.user_display_name |
sender.node_id |
src.asset_id, additional.fields |
src.asset_id |
sender.type |
src.user.title, additional.fields |
src.user.title |
sender.url |
src.url, additional.fields |
src.url |
workflow.name |
security_result.about.labels |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
workflow_job.head_branch |
security_result.about.labels |
security_result.detection_fields |
workflow_job.workflow_name |
security_result.about.labels |
security_result.detection_fields |
workflow_run.event |
additional.fields |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
workflow_run.head_branch |
security_result.about.labels |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
workflow_run.workflow_id |
security_result.about.labels |
target.resource.attribute.labels |
Perubahan kondisi jenis peristiwa
Kondisi yang menentukan jenis peristiwa Google SecOps diubah dalam rilis 8 Januari 2026.
Tabel berikut mencantumkan jenis peristiwa dan kondisi saat ini (yaitu, kondisi berbeda sebelum rilis 8 Januari 2026):
| event_type | Kondisi |
|---|---|
NETWORK_CONNECTION |
[has_target] == "true" && [has_principal] == "true" |
STATUS_UPDATE |
[has_principal] == "true" |
USER_RESOURCE_DELETION |
[has_target_resource] == "true" && [has_principal_user] == "true" && [action] in ["hook.destroy" ,"protected_branch.destroy" ,"public_key.delete"] |
USER_RESOURCE_UPDATE_CONTENT |
[has_target_resource] == "true" && [has_principal_userid] == "true" && [action] in [ "pull_request.merge" , "hook.events_changed"] |
USER_RESOURCE_UPDATE_PERMISSIONS |
[has_target_resource] == "true" && [has_principal_userid] == "true" && [action] in ["repo.update_actions_secret","protected_branch.update_pull_request_reviews_enforcement_level", "org.update_member" ,"protected_branch.update_admin_enforced" ,"protected_branch.update_required_status_checks_enforcement_level","org.integration_manager_removed" ,"repo.update_member", "repo.add_member"] |
Delta pemetaan tombol
Tabel berikut mencantumkan perbedaan pemetaan untuk kunci di kolom log mentah ke kunci di kolom UDM yang ditampilkan sebelum 8 Januari 2026 dan setelahnya (masing-masing tercantum di kolom Kunci lama dan Kunci saat ini):
| Kunci dalam log mentah | Kunci lama | Kunci saat ini |
|---|---|---|
alert.secret_type_display_name |
secret_type_display_name |
alert_secret_type_display_name |
enterprise.name |
Enterprise Name |
enterprise_name |
hook_id |
Hook Id |
Hook_Id |
invitation.failed_at |
failed_at |
invitation_failed_at |
invitation.failed_reason |
failed_reason |
invitation_failed_reason |
invitation.invitation_source |
invitation_source |
invitation_invitation_source |
raw.failure_reason |
failure_reason |
raw_failure_reason |
raw.failure_type |
failure_type |
raw_failure_type |
raw.from |
from |
raw_from |
workflow_run.event |
event |
workflow_run_event |
workflow_run.head_branch |
Head Branch |
Head_Branch |
workflow_run.id |
workflow_run_id |
workflow_Run_id |
workflow_run.workflow_id |
Workflow Id |
Workflow_Id |
Perlu bantuan lain? Dapatkan jawaban dari anggota Komunitas dan profesional Google SecOps.