Collect 1Password Audit Events logs

Parser Version: 2.0

Supported in:

This document explains how to ingest 1Password Audit Events logs to Google Security Operations using Cloud Storage V2.

1Password is a password management platform that helps teams securely store, share, and manage credentials, secrets, and sensitive information. The 1Password Events API provides access to audit event data that captures administrative and policy actions performed in your 1Password Business account.

Before you begin

Make sure you have the following prerequisites:

  • A Google SecOps instance
  • A Google Cloud project with Cloud Storage API enabled
  • Permissions to create and manage Cloud Storage buckets
  • Permissions to manage Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies on Cloud Storage buckets
  • Permissions to create Cloud Run services, Pub/Sub topics, and Cloud Scheduler jobs
  • A 1Password Business account
  • An owner or administrator role in your 1Password account

Create a Cloud Storage bucket

  1. Go to the Google Cloud Console.
  2. Select your project or create a new one.
  3. In the navigation menu, go to Cloud Storage > Buckets.
  4. Click Create bucket.
  5. Provide the following configuration details:

    Setting Value
    Name your bucket Enter a globally unique name (for example, onepassword-audit-secops-logs)
    Location type Choose based on your needs (Region, Dual-region, Multi-region)
    Location Select the location (for example, us-central1)
    Storage class Standard (recommended for frequently accessed logs)
    Access control Uniform (recommended)
    Protection tools Optional: Enable object versioning or retention policy
  6. Click Create.

Collect 1Password credentials

Set up Events Reporting integration

  1. Sign in to your account on 1Password.com.
  2. Select Integrations in the sidebar.
  3. If you have previously set up other integrations, select Directory on the Integrations page.
  4. In the Events Reporting section, select Other.
  5. In the Name field, enter a name for the integration (for example, Google SecOps Audit Events).
  6. Click Add Integration.

Create a bearer token

  1. 1Password continues straight to the bearer token setup.

  2. Provide the following configuration details:

    • Token Name: Enter a descriptive name (for example, SecOps GCS Collector - Audit Events)
    • Expires After: Choose when the token expires: 30 days, 90 days, or 180 days. The default is Never.
    • Events to Report: Choose which events the token can access. All event types are selected by default. Keep Audit events selected and clear Sign-in attempts and Item usages so the token is scoped to audit events only.
  3. Click Issue Token.

  4. On the Save your token page, click Save in 1Password, choose the vault where you want to store the token, and then click Save. The token is saved as an API Credential item.

  5. Click View Integration Details to confirm the integration is active.

Determine your Events API base URL

The base URL depends on the server that hosts your 1Password account:

If your account is hosted on Your Events API base URL is
1password.com https://events.1password.com
ent.1password.com https://events.ent.1password.com
1password.ca https://events.1password.ca
1password.eu https://events.1password.eu

Test API access

  • Test your credentials before proceeding with the integration:

    # Replace with your actual bearer token and base URL
    BEARER_TOKEN="<your-bearer-token>"
    API_BASE="https://events.1password.com"
    
    # Test API access using the introspect endpoint
    curl -v \
        -H "Authorization: Bearer $BEARER_TOKEN" \
        "$API_BASE/api/v2/auth/introspect"
    

A successful response returns a JSON object with the features field listing the event types your token can access (for example, ["auditevents"]).

Create a service account for the Cloud Run function

The Cloud Run function needs a service account with permissions to write to Cloud Storage bucket and be invoked by Pub/Sub.

Create the service account

  1. In the GCP Console, go to IAM & Admin > Service Accounts.
  2. Click Create Service Account.
  3. Provide the following configuration details:
    • Service account name: Enter onepassword-audit-collector-sa
    • Service account description: Enter Service account for Cloud Run function to collect 1Password Audit Events logs
  4. Click Create and Continue.
  5. In the Grant this service account access to project section, add the following roles:
    1. Click Select a role.
    2. Search for and select Storage Object Admin.
    3. Click + Add another role.
    4. Search for and select Cloud Run Invoker.
    5. Click + Add another role.
    6. Search for and select Cloud Functions Invoker.
  6. Click Continue.
  7. Click Done.

These roles are required for:

  • Storage Object Admin: Writes logs to Cloud Storage bucket and manage state files
  • Cloud Run Invoker: Allows Pub/Sub to invoke the function
  • Cloud Functions Invoker: Allows function invocation

Grant IAM permissions on the Cloud Storage bucket

Grant the service account write permissions on the Cloud Storage bucket:

  1. Go to Cloud Storage > Buckets.
  2. Click your bucket (onepassword-audit-secops-logs).
  3. Go to the Permissions tab.
  4. Click Grant access.
  5. Provide the following configuration details:
    • Add principals: Enter onepassword-audit-collector-sa@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com
    • Assign roles: Select Storage Object Admin
  6. Click Save.

Create a Pub/Sub topic

Create a Pub/Sub topic that Cloud Scheduler will publish to and the Cloud Run function will subscribe to.

  1. In the GCP Console, go to Pub/Sub > Topics.
  2. Click Create topic.
  3. Provide the following configuration details:
    • Topic ID: Enter onepassword-audit-trigger
    • Leave other settings as default
  4. Click Create.

Create a Cloud Run function to collect logs

The Cloud Run function will be triggered by Pub/Sub messages from Cloud Scheduler to fetch audit event logs from the 1Password Events API and write them to Cloud Storage.

  1. In the GCP Console, go to Cloud Run.
  2. Click Create service.
  3. Select Function (use an inline editor to create a function).
  4. In the Configure section, provide the following configuration details:

    Setting Value
    Service name onepassword-audit-collector
    Region Select region matching your Cloud Storage bucket (for example, us-central1)
    Runtime Select Python 3.12 or later
  5. In the Trigger (optional) section:

    1. Click + Add trigger.
    2. Select Cloud Pub/Sub.
    3. In Select a Cloud Pub/Sub topic, choose onepassword-audit-trigger.
    4. Click Save.
  6. In the Authentication section:

    1. Select Require authentication.
    2. Check Identity and Access Management (IAM).
  7. Scroll to and expand Containers, Networking, Security.

  8. Go to the Security tab:

    • Service account: Select onepassword-audit-collector-sa
  9. Go to the Containers tab:

    1. Click Variables & Secrets.
    2. Click + Add variable for each environment variable:
    Variable Name Example Value Description
    GCS_BUCKET onepassword-audit-secops-logs Cloud Storage bucket name
    GCS_PREFIX onepassword-audit Prefix for log files
    STATE_KEY onepassword-audit-state.json State file path, outside the log prefix
    OP_API_BASE https://events.1password.com 1Password Events API base URL
    OP_BEARER_TOKEN <your-bearer-token> 1Password Events API bearer token
    MAX_RECORDS 10000 Max records per run
    PAGE_SIZE 1000 Records per page (max 1000)
    LOOKBACK_HOURS 24 Initial lookback period in hours
  10. In the Variables & Secrets section, go to to Requests:

    • Request timeout: Enter 600 seconds (10 minutes)
  11. Go to the Settings tab:

    • In the Resources section:
      • Memory: Select 512 MiB or higher
      • CPU: Select 1
  12. In the Revision scaling section:

    • Minimum number of instances: Enter 0
    • Maximum number of instances: Enter 100 (or adjust based on expected load)
  13. Click Create.

  14. Wait for the service to be created (1-2 minutes).

  15. After the service is created, the inline code editor will open automatically.

Add the function code

  1. Enter main in the Entry point field.
  2. In the inline code editor, create two files:

    • First file - main.py:

      import functions_framework
      from google.cloud import storage
      from google.cloud.exceptions import NotFound
      import json
      import os
      import re
      import urllib3
      from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
      import time
      
      # Initialize HTTP client with timeouts
      http = urllib3.PoolManager(
          timeout=urllib3.Timeout(connect=5.0, read=30.0),
          retries=False,
      )
      
      # Initialize Storage client
      storage_client = storage.Client()
      
      # Environment variables
      GCS_BUCKET = os.environ.get('GCS_BUCKET')
      GCS_PREFIX = os.environ.get('GCS_PREFIX', 'onepassword-audit')
      # STATE_KEY must stay OUTSIDE GCS_PREFIX. The feed ingests every object under
      # its bucket URI and, with a deletion option selected, deletes what it
      # transferred. A state file inside the prefix is ingested as log data and then
      # deleted, which drops the cursor and replays the whole lookback window.
      STATE_KEY = os.environ.get('STATE_KEY', 'onepassword-audit-state.json')
      API_BASE = os.environ.get('OP_API_BASE')
      BEARER_TOKEN = os.environ.get('OP_BEARER_TOKEN')
      MAX_RECORDS = int(os.environ.get('MAX_RECORDS', '10000'))
      # The Events API accepts a limit from 1 to 1000.
      PAGE_SIZE = int(os.environ.get('PAGE_SIZE', '1000'))
      LOOKBACK_HOURS = int(os.environ.get('LOOKBACK_HOURS', '24'))
      
      # 1Password Events API v2 audit events endpoint
      AUDIT_EVENTS_PATH = '/api/v2/auditevents'
      
      class FetchError(Exception):
          """Raised when the 1Password Events API call fails.
      
          State must never be written on a failed fetch. Saving a rejected cursor back
          would wedge the collector: every later run would fail on page 1, ingest
          nothing, and still report success.
          """
      
      def parse_datetime(value: str) -> datetime:
          """Parse a 1Password `timestamp` into an aware datetime.
      
          The API returns RFC 3339 with either a numeric offset and whole seconds
          (2023-03-15T16:33:50-03:00) or Z with nanosecond precision
          (2025-10-31T13:45:49.203617068Z). Fractional digits are trimmed to
          microseconds because fromisoformat accepts at most six.
          """
          text = str(value).strip()
          if text.endswith('Z'):
              text = text[:-1] + '+00:00'
          text = re.sub(r'\.(\d{6})\d+', r'.\1', text)
          dt = datetime.fromisoformat(text)
          if dt.tzinfo is None:
              dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
          return dt.astimezone(timezone.utc)
      
      @functions_framework.cloud_event
      def main(cloud_event):
          """Fetch 1Password audit events and write them to Cloud Storage as NDJSON."""
          if not all([GCS_BUCKET, API_BASE, BEARER_TOKEN]):
              # Raise rather than return: a bare return acks the Pub/Sub message and
              # reports the run as successful, silently discarding the schedule tick.
              raise RuntimeError('Missing required environment variables '
                              '(GCS_BUCKET, OP_API_BASE, OP_BEARER_TOKEN)')
      
          bucket = storage_client.bucket(GCS_BUCKET)
          state = load_state(bucket, STATE_KEY)
      
          now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
      
          print('--- Processing endpoint: auditevents ---')
      
          saved_cursor = state.get('cursor_auditevents')
          seen_uuids = set(state.get('seen_uuids', []))
      
          # If the cursor is gone, resume from the last event actually written instead
          # of replaying a blind 24 hours. LOOKBACK_HOURS applies only on a cold start.
          if saved_cursor:
              start_time = None
          elif state.get('last_event_time'):
              start_time = parse_datetime(state['last_event_time'])
              print(f'No cursor found. Resuming from the last recorded event at {start_time.isoformat()}')
          else:
              start_time = now - timedelta(hours=LOOKBACK_HOURS)
              print(f'Cold start. Fetching from {start_time.isoformat()}')
      
          records, last_cursor = fetch_endpoint(
              api_base=API_BASE,
              path=AUDIT_EVENTS_PATH,
              bearer_token=BEARER_TOKEN,
              saved_cursor=saved_cursor,
              start_time=start_time,
              page_size=PAGE_SIZE,
              max_records=MAX_RECORDS,
          )
      
          # The cursor path can re-deliver events, so filter by uuid before writing.
          fresh = [r for r in records if str(r.get('uuid', '')) not in seen_uuids]
          print(f'Fetched {len(records)} records, {len(fresh)} new after deduplication')
      
          if fresh:
              timestamp = now.strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ')
              object_key = f'{GCS_PREFIX}/auditevents_{timestamp}.ndjson'
              blob = bucket.blob(object_key)
      
              ndjson = '\n'.join(
                  json.dumps(r, ensure_ascii=False) for r in fresh
              ) + '\n'
              blob.upload_from_string(
                  ndjson, content_type='application/x-ndjson'
              )
      
              print(f'Wrote {len(fresh)} auditevents records '
                  f'to gs://{GCS_BUCKET}/{object_key}')
      
          # State is written only after any data is durably uploaded.
          new_state = dict(state)
          if last_cursor:
              new_state['cursor_auditevents'] = last_cursor
      
          newest = None
          for record in records:
              stamp = record.get('timestamp')
              if not stamp:
                  continue
              try:
                  parsed = parse_datetime(stamp)
              except ValueError:
                  continue
              if newest is None or parsed > newest:
                  newest = parsed
          if newest:
              new_state['last_event_time'] = newest.isoformat()
              # Retain the uuids of the newest batch so a cursor reset does not
              # re-ingest the events that straddle the resume point.
              new_state['seen_uuids'] = sorted(
                  {str(r.get('uuid', '')) for r in records if r.get('uuid')}
              )
      
          new_state['last_run'] = now.isoformat()
          save_state(bucket, STATE_KEY, new_state)
      
          print(f'Successfully processed {len(fresh)} records')
      
      def load_state(bucket, key):
          """Read the collector state from Cloud Storage.
      
          Only a missing object is treated as a cold start. Any other error is raised:
          swallowing it would drop the cursor and replay the lookback window.
          """
          blob = bucket.blob(key)
          try:
              return json.loads(blob.download_as_text())
          except NotFound:
              print('No state file found. Starting from the lookback window.')
              return {}
      
      def save_state(bucket, key, state: dict):
          """Write the collector state to Cloud Storage.
      
          Failures are raised, not logged. If the state write fails after the data was
          uploaded, the next run resumes from the stale cursor and duplicates it.
          """
          blob = bucket.blob(key)
          blob.upload_from_string(
              json.dumps(state, indent=2),
              content_type='application/json',
          )
          print(f"Saved state: cursor={state.get('cursor_auditevents')!r} "
              f"last_event_time={state.get('last_event_time')}")
      
      def fetch_endpoint(api_base, path, bearer_token, saved_cursor,
                      start_time, page_size, max_records):
          """Fetch events from the 1Password Events API v2 audit events endpoint.
      
          The API uses cursor-based pagination with POST requests. The first request
          sends a ResetCursor object with an optional start_time and limit. Subsequent
          requests send the cursor returned by the previous response. The cursor is a
          persistent checkpoint and stays valid across runs.
      
          Args:
              api_base: Events API base URL
              path: Endpoint path
              bearer_token: JWT bearer token
              saved_cursor: Cursor from the previous run, or None
              start_time: Lower bound used only when there is no cursor
              page_size: Max events per page (1 to 1000)
              max_records: Max total events per run
      
          Returns:
              Tuple of (records list, cursor to persist).
      
          Raises:
              FetchError: on any API or transport failure, so that a rejected cursor is
                  never written back to the state file.
          """
          url = f'{api_base.rstrip("/")}{path}'
      
          headers = {
              'Authorization': f'Bearer {bearer_token}',
              'Content-Type': 'application/json',
              'Accept': 'application/json',
          }
      
          records = []
          cursor = saved_cursor
          page_num = 0
          backoff = 1.0
          rate_limit_retries = 0
          MAX_RATE_LIMIT_RETRIES = 5
      
          while True:
              page_num += 1
      
              if len(records) >= max_records:
                  print(f'Reached max_records limit ({max_records})')
                  break
      
              if cursor:
                  # Continuing cursor: resume from the last position.
                  body = json.dumps({'cursor': cursor})
              else:
                  # ResetCursor: first request, or the cursor was lost.
                  reset = {'limit': page_size}
                  if start_time:
                      reset['start_time'] = start_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')
                  body = json.dumps(reset)
      
              try:
                  response = http.request(
                      'POST', url, body=body, headers=headers,
                  )
              except Exception as e:
                  raise FetchError(f'Request to {url} failed: {e}') from e
      
              # Documented limits are 600 requests per minute and 30,000 per hour.
              if response.status == 429:
                  rate_limit_retries += 1
                  if rate_limit_retries > MAX_RATE_LIMIT_RETRIES:
                      raise FetchError('Rate limited repeatedly; giving up without saving state')
                  raw_retry_after = response.headers.get('Retry-After')
                  try:
                      retry_after = int(raw_retry_after) if raw_retry_after else int(backoff)
                  except (TypeError, ValueError):
                      retry_after = int(backoff)
                  print(f'Rate limited (429). Retrying after {retry_after}s...')
                  time.sleep(retry_after)
                  backoff = min(backoff * 2, 60.0)
                  continue
      
              backoff = 1.0
              rate_limit_retries = 0
      
              if response.status != 200:
                  body_text = response.data.decode('utf-8')
                  # A 400 or 401 here may mean the saved cursor was rejected. Raising
                  # leaves the previous state intact so the run can be retried, rather
                  # than persisting a cursor that stalls every future run.
                  raise FetchError(f'HTTP {response.status} from the Events API: {body_text}')
      
              try:
                  data = json.loads(response.data.decode('utf-8'))
              except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
                  raise FetchError(f'Malformed JSON response from the Events API: {e}') from e
      
              page_items = data.get('items', [])
              cursor = data.get('cursor')
              has_more = data.get('has_more', False)
      
              if page_items:
                  print(f'Page {page_num}: Retrieved '
                      f'{len(page_items)} events')
                  records.extend(page_items)
      
              if not has_more:
                  print('No more pages (has_more=false)')
                  break
      
              if not cursor:
                  print('No cursor returned, stopping')
                  break
      
              if not page_items:
                  # has_more can be true while a page is empty. Stop rather than spin.
                  print('Empty page with has_more=true; resuming on the next run')
                  break
      
          print(f'Retrieved {len(records)} total records '
              f'from {page_num} pages')
          return records, cursor
      

    • Second file - requirements.txt:

      functions-framework==3.*
      google-cloud-storage==2.*
      urllib3>=2.0.0
      
  3. Click Deploy to save and deploy the function.

  4. Wait for deployment to complete (2-3 minutes).

Create a Cloud Scheduler job

Cloud Scheduler will publish messages to the Pub/Sub topic at regular intervals, triggering the Cloud Run function.

  1. In the GCP Console, go to Cloud Scheduler.
  2. Click Create Job.
  3. Provide the following configuration details:

    Setting Value
    Name onepassword-audit-collector-hourly
    Region Select same region as Cloud Run function
    Frequency 0 * * * * (every hour, on the hour)
    Timezone Select timezone (UTC recommended)
    Target type Pub/Sub
    Topic Select onepassword-audit-trigger
    Message body {} (empty JSON object)
  4. Click Create.

Schedule frequency options

Choose frequency based on log volume and latency requirements:

Frequency Cron Expression Use Case
Every 5 minutes */5 * * * * High-volume, low-latency
Every 15 minutes */15 * * * * Medium volume
Every hour 0 * * * * Standard (recommended)
Every 6 hours 0 */6 * * * Low volume, batch processing
Daily 0 0 * * * Historical data collection

Test the integration

  1. In the Cloud Scheduler console, find onepassword-audit-collector-hourly.
  2. Click Force run to trigger the job manually.
  3. Wait a few seconds.
  4. Go to Cloud Run > Services.
  5. Click onepassword-audit-collector.
  6. Click the Logs tab.
  7. Verify the function executed successfully. Look for:

    --- Processing endpoint: auditevents ---
    Page 1: Retrieved X events
    Fetched X records, Y new after deduplication
    Wrote Y auditevents records to gs://onepassword-audit-secops-logs/onepassword-audit/auditevents_YYYYMMDDTHHMMSSZ.ndjson
    Saved state: cursor='...' last_event_time=YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+00:00
    Successfully processed Y records
    
  8. Go to Cloud Storage > Buckets.

  9. Click onepassword-audit-secops-logs.

  10. Navigate to the onepassword-audit/ folder.

  11. Verify that a new .ndjson file was created with the current timestamp.

If you see errors in the logs:

  • HTTP 401: Check the bearer token in the OP_BEARER_TOKEN environment variable. The token may have expired.
  • HTTP 429: Rate limiting. The function automatically retries with backoff. The 1Password Events API allows 600 requests per minute and 30,000 requests per hour.
  • Missing environment variables: Check all required variables are set in the Cloud Run function configuration.
  • No records returned: Verify your bearer token has access to audit events using the introspect endpoint.
  • The same events arrive repeatedly: Confirm that STATE_KEY is not inside the prefix the feed reads. If the state file is deleted by the feed, the cursor is lost and the collector re-reads from its last recorded event.

Retrieve the Google SecOps service account

Google SecOps uses a unique service account to read data from your Cloud Storage bucket. You must grant this service account access to your bucket.

Get the service account email

  1. Go to SIEM Settings > Feeds.
  2. Click Add New Feed.
  3. Click Configure a single feed.
  4. In the Feed name field, enter a name for the feed (for example, 1Password Audit Events Logs).
  5. Select Google Cloud Storage V2 as the Source type.
  6. Select 1Password Audit Events as the Log type.
  7. Click Get Service Account.
  8. A unique service account email will be displayed, for example:

    chronicle-12345678@chronicle-gcp-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com
    
  9. Copy this email address for use in the next step.

  10. Click Next.

  11. Specify values for the following input parameters:

    • Storage bucket URL: Enter the Cloud Storage bucket URI with the prefix path:

      gs://onepassword-audit-secops-logs/onepassword-audit/
      
    • Source deletion option: Select the deletion option according to your preference:

      • Never delete files: Never delete files from the source (recommended for testing).
      • Delete transferred files and empty directories: Delete files and empty directories from the source after a successful fetch completes.

    • Maximum File Age: Include files modified in the last number of days (default is 180 days)

    • Asset namespace: The asset namespace

    • Ingestion labels: The label to be applied to the events from this feed

  12. Click Next.

  13. Review your new feed configuration in the Finalize screen, and then click Submit.

Grant IAM permissions to the Google SecOps service account

The Google SecOps service account needs two roles on your Cloud Storage bucket: Storage Object Viewer to read the log objects, and a bucket-level role to read the bucket metadata.

  1. Go to Cloud Storage > Buckets.
  2. Click onepassword-audit-secops-logs.
  3. Go to the Permissions tab.
  4. Click Grant access.
  5. Provide the following configuration details:
    • Add principals: Paste the Google SecOps service account email
    • Assign roles: Select both of the following:
      • Storage Object Viewer: reads the log objects.
      • Storage Legacy Bucket Reader: reads the bucket metadata. If you selected the Delete transferred files and empty directories deletion option, select Storage Legacy Bucket Writer instead, which also grants the delete permission.
  6. Click Save.

UDM mapping table

Log field UDM mapping Logic
additional_action additional.fields Merged
aux_id_label additional.fields Merged
aux_info_list additional.fields Merged
object_type_label additional.fields Merged
EventTime metadata.event_timestamp Parsed as yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
expiry metadata.event_timestamp Parsed as yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZZZZZZZZZZ
item.session.login_time metadata.event_timestamp Parsed as yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZZZZZZZZZZ
item.timestamp metadata.event_timestamp Parsed as ISO8601
has_principal metadata.event_type Mapped: trueUSER_UNCATEGORIZED, trueSTATUS_UPDATE
item.session.uuid network.session_id Directly mapped
deviceUuid principal.asset.asset_id Directly mapped
session_ip principal.asset.ip Merged
item.actor_details.email principal.email Directly mapped
session_ip principal.ip Merged
item.location.city principal.location.city Directly mapped
item.location.country principal.location.country_or_region Directly mapped
item.location.region principal.location.name Directly mapped
item.location.latitude principal.location.region_latitude Directly mapped
item.location.longitude principal.location.region_longitude Directly mapped
uuid_label principal.resource.attribute.labels Merged
item.actor_details.name principal.user.user_display_name Directly mapped
item.actor_details.uuid principal.user.userid Directly mapped
actor_uuid_label security_result.about.resource.attribute.labels Merged
aux_uid_label security_result.about.resource.attribute.labels Merged
object_id_label security_result.about.resource.attribute.labels Merged
item.session.device_uuid target.resource.product_object_id Directly mapped
N/A metadata.event_type Constant: USER_UNCATEGORIZED
N/A metadata.product_name Constant: ONEPASSWORD_AUDIT_EVENTS
N/A metadata.vendor_name Constant: ONEPASSWORD

Change Log

View the Change Log for this parser

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