Menulis data menggunakan mutasi

Sisipkan beberapa baris data ke dalam tabel menggunakan mutasi.

Mempelajari lebih lanjut

Untuk dokumentasi mendetail yang menyertakan contoh kode ini, lihat artikel berikut:

Contoh kode

C++

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat Library klien Spanner.

Untuk melakukan autentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal. 

void InsertData(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto insert_singers = spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
                            "Singers", {"SingerId", "FirstName", "LastName"})
                            .EmplaceRow(1, "Marc", "Richards")
                            .EmplaceRow(2, "Catalina", "Smith")
                            .EmplaceRow(3, "Alice", "Trentor")
                            .EmplaceRow(4, "Lea", "Martin")
                            .EmplaceRow(5, "David", "Lomond")
                            .Build();

  auto insert_albums = spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
                           "Albums", {"SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle"})
                           .EmplaceRow(1, 1, "Total Junk")
                           .EmplaceRow(1, 2, "Go, Go, Go")
                           .EmplaceRow(2, 1, "Green")
                           .EmplaceRow(2, 2, "Forever Hold Your Peace")
                           .EmplaceRow(2, 3, "Terrified")
                           .Build();

  auto commit_result =
      client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{insert_singers, insert_albums});
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Insert was successful [spanner_insert_data]\n";
}

C#

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat Library klien Spanner.

Untuk melakukan autentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal. 

struct Singer
{
    internal long SingerId;
    internal string FirstName;
    internal string LastName;
}

struct Album
{
    internal long SingerId;
    internal long AlbumId;
    internal string Title;
}

public static async Task WriteDataWithMutations(string connectionString)
{
    await using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
    await connection.OpenAsync();

    Singer[] singers =
    [
        new() {SingerId=1, FirstName = "Marc", LastName = "Richards"},
        new() {SingerId=2, FirstName = "Catalina", LastName = "Smith"},
        new() {SingerId=3, FirstName = "Alice", LastName = "Trentor"},
        new() {SingerId=4, FirstName = "Lea", LastName = "Martin"},
        new() {SingerId=5, FirstName = "David", LastName = "Lomond"},
    ];
    Album[] albums =
    [
        new() {SingerId = 1, AlbumId = 1, Title = "Total Junk"},
        new() {SingerId = 1, AlbumId = 2, Title = "Go, Go, Go"},
        new() {SingerId = 2, AlbumId = 1, Title = "Green"},
        new() {SingerId = 2, AlbumId = 2, Title = "Forever Hold Your Peace"},
        new() {SingerId = 2, AlbumId = 3, Title = "Terrified"},
    ];
    var batch = connection.CreateBatch();
    foreach (var singer in singers)
    {
        // The name of a parameter must correspond with a column name.
        var command = batch.CreateInsertCommand("Singers");
        command.AddParameter("SingerId", singer.SingerId);
        command.AddParameter("FirstName", singer.FirstName);
        command.AddParameter("LastName", singer.LastName);
        batch.BatchCommands.Add(command);
    }
    foreach (var album in albums)
    {
        // The name of a parameter must correspond with a column name.
        var command = batch.CreateInsertCommand("Albums");
        command.AddParameter("SingerId", album.SingerId);
        command.AddParameter("AlbumId", album.AlbumId);
        command.AddParameter("AlbumTitle", album.Title);
        batch.BatchCommands.Add(command);
    }
    var affected = await batch.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
    Console.WriteLine($"Inserted {affected} rows.");
}

Go

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat Library klien Spanner.

Untuk melakukan autentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal. 


func write(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, client *spanner.Client) error {
	singerColumns := []string{"SingerId", "FirstName", "LastName"}
	albumColumns := []string{"SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle"}
	m := []*spanner.Mutation{
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Singers", singerColumns, []interface{}{1, "Marc", "Richards"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Singers", singerColumns, []interface{}{2, "Catalina", "Smith"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Singers", singerColumns, []interface{}{3, "Alice", "Trentor"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Singers", singerColumns, []interface{}{4, "Lea", "Martin"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Singers", singerColumns, []interface{}{5, "David", "Lomond"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Albums", albumColumns, []interface{}{1, 1, "Total Junk"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Albums", albumColumns, []interface{}{1, 2, "Go, Go, Go"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Albums", albumColumns, []interface{}{2, 1, "Green"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Albums", albumColumns, []interface{}{2, 2, "Forever Hold Your Peace"}),
		spanner.InsertOrUpdate("Albums", albumColumns, []interface{}{2, 3, "Terrified"}),
	}
	_, err := client.Apply(ctx, m)
	return err
}

Java

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat Library klien Spanner.

Untuk melakukan autentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal. 

/** The list of Singers to insert. */
static final List<Singer> SINGERS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Singer(1, "Marc", "Richards"),
        new Singer(2, "Catalina", "Smith"),
        new Singer(3, "Alice", "Trentor"),
        new Singer(4, "Lea", "Martin"),
        new Singer(5, "David", "Lomond"));

/** The list of Albums to insert. */
static final List<Album> ALBUMS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Album(1, 1, "Total Junk"),
        new Album(1, 2, "Go, Go, Go"),
        new Album(2, 1, "Green"),
        new Album(2, 2, "Forever Hold Your Peace"),
        new Album(2, 3, "Terrified"));

static void writeDataWithMutations(
    final String project,
    final String instance,
    final String database,
    final Properties properties) throws SQLException {
  try (Connection connection =
      DriverManager.getConnection(
          String.format(
              "jdbc:cloudspanner:/projects/%s/instances/%s/databases/%s",
              project, instance, database),
          properties)) {
    // Unwrap the CloudSpannerJdbcConnection interface
    // from the java.sql.Connection.
    CloudSpannerJdbcConnection cloudSpannerJdbcConnection =
        connection.unwrap(CloudSpannerJdbcConnection.class);

    List<Mutation> mutations = new ArrayList<>();
    for (Singer singer : SINGERS) {
      mutations.add(
          Mutation.newInsertBuilder("Singers")
              .set("SingerId")
              .to(singer.singerId)
              .set("FirstName")
              .to(singer.firstName)
              .set("LastName")
              .to(singer.lastName)
              .build());
    }
    for (Album album : ALBUMS) {
      mutations.add(
          Mutation.newInsertBuilder("Albums")
              .set("SingerId")
              .to(album.singerId)
              .set("AlbumId")
              .to(album.albumId)
              .set("AlbumTitle")
              .to(album.albumTitle)
              .build());
    }
    // Apply the mutations atomically to Spanner.
    cloudSpannerJdbcConnection.write(mutations);
    System.out.printf("Inserted %d rows.\n", mutations.size());
  }
}

Node.js

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat Library klien Spanner.

Untuk melakukan autentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal. 

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

// Instantiate Spanner table objects
const singersTable = database.table('Singers');
const albumsTable = database.table('Albums');

// Inserts rows into the Singers table
// Note: Cloud Spanner interprets Node.js numbers as FLOAT64s, so
// they must be converted to strings before being inserted as INT64s
try {
  await singersTable.insert([
    {SingerId: '1', FirstName: 'Marc', LastName: 'Richards'},
    {SingerId: '2', FirstName: 'Catalina', LastName: 'Smith'},
    {SingerId: '3', FirstName: 'Alice', LastName: 'Trentor'},
    {SingerId: '4', FirstName: 'Lea', LastName: 'Martin'},
    {SingerId: '5', FirstName: 'David', LastName: 'Lomond'},
  ]);

  await albumsTable.insert([
    {SingerId: '1', AlbumId: '1', AlbumTitle: 'Total Junk'},
    {SingerId: '1', AlbumId: '2', AlbumTitle: 'Go, Go, Go'},
    {SingerId: '2', AlbumId: '1', AlbumTitle: 'Green'},
    {SingerId: '2', AlbumId: '2', AlbumTitle: 'Forever Hold your Peace'},
    {SingerId: '2', AlbumId: '3', AlbumTitle: 'Terrified'},
  ]);

  console.log('Inserted data.');
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  await database.close();
}

PHP

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat Library klien Spanner.

Untuk melakukan autentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal. 

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Inserts sample data into the given database.
 *
 * The database and table must already exist and can be created using
 * `create_database`.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * insert_data($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function insert_data(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $operation = $database->transaction(['singleUse' => true])
        ->insertBatch('Singers', [
            ['SingerId' => 1, 'FirstName' => 'Marc', 'LastName' => 'Richards'],
            ['SingerId' => 2, 'FirstName' => 'Catalina', 'LastName' => 'Smith'],
            ['SingerId' => 3, 'FirstName' => 'Alice', 'LastName' => 'Trentor'],
            ['SingerId' => 4, 'FirstName' => 'Lea', 'LastName' => 'Martin'],
            ['SingerId' => 5, 'FirstName' => 'David', 'LastName' => 'Lomond'],
        ])
        ->insertBatch('Albums', [
            ['SingerId' => 1, 'AlbumId' => 1, 'AlbumTitle' => 'Total Junk'],
            ['SingerId' => 1, 'AlbumId' => 2, 'AlbumTitle' => 'Go, Go, Go'],
            ['SingerId' => 2, 'AlbumId' => 1, 'AlbumTitle' => 'Green'],
            ['SingerId' => 2, 'AlbumId' => 2, 'AlbumTitle' => 'Forever Hold Your Peace'],
            ['SingerId' => 2, 'AlbumId' => 3, 'AlbumTitle' => 'Terrified']
        ])
        ->commit();

    print('Inserted data.' . PHP_EOL);
}

Python

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat Library klien Spanner.

Untuk melakukan autentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal. 

def insert_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Inserts sample data into the given database.

    The database and table must already exist and can be created using
    `create_database`.
    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.batch() as batch:
        batch.insert(
            table="Singers",
            columns=("SingerId", "FirstName", "LastName"),
            values=[
                (1, "Marc", "Richards"),
                (2, "Catalina", "Smith"),
                (3, "Alice", "Trentor"),
                (4, "Lea", "Martin"),
                (5, "David", "Lomond"),
            ],
        )

        batch.insert(
            table="Albums",
            columns=("SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle"),
            values=[
                (1, 1, "Total Junk"),
                (1, 2, "Go, Go, Go"),
                (2, 1, "Green"),
                (2, 2, "Forever Hold Your Peace"),
                (2, 3, "Terrified"),
            ],
        )

    print("Inserted data.")

Ruby

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat Library klien Spanner.

Untuk melakukan autentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal. 

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

client.commit do |c|
  c.insert "Singers", [
    { SingerId: 1, FirstName: "Marc",     LastName: "Richards" },
    { SingerId: 2, FirstName: "Catalina", LastName: "Smith"    },
    { SingerId: 3, FirstName: "Alice",    LastName: "Trentor"  },
    { SingerId: 4, FirstName: "Lea",      LastName: "Martin"   },
    { SingerId: 5, FirstName: "David",    LastName: "Lomond"   }
  ]
  c.insert "Albums", [
    { SingerId: 1, AlbumId: 1, AlbumTitle: "Total Junk" },
    { SingerId: 1, AlbumId: 2, AlbumTitle: "Go, Go, Go" },
    { SingerId: 2, AlbumId: 1, AlbumTitle: "Green" },
    { SingerId: 2, AlbumId: 2, AlbumTitle: "Forever Hold Your Peace" },
    { SingerId: 2, AlbumId: 3, AlbumTitle: "Terrified" }
  ]
end

puts "Inserted data"

Rust

use google_cloud_spanner::client::DatabaseClient;
use google_cloud_spanner::mutation::Mutation;

pub async fn sample(client: &DatabaseClient) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let mutations = vec![
        Mutation::new_insert_builder("Singers")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(&1)
            .set("FirstName")
            .to(&"Marc")
            .set("LastName")
            .to(&"Richards")
            .build(),
        Mutation::new_insert_builder("Singers")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(&2)
            .set("FirstName")
            .to(&"Catalina")
            .set("LastName")
            .to(&"Smith")
            .build(),
        Mutation::new_insert_builder("Singers")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(&3)
            .set("FirstName")
            .to(&"Alice")
            .set("LastName")
            .to(&"Trentor")
            .build(),
        Mutation::new_insert_builder("Singers")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(&4)
            .set("FirstName")
            .to(&"Lea")
            .set("LastName")
            .to(&"Martin")
            .build(),
        Mutation::new_insert_builder("Singers")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(&5)
            .set("FirstName")
            .to(&"David")
            .set("LastName")
            .to(&"Lomond")
            .build(),
        Mutation::new_insert_builder("Albums")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(&1)
            .set("AlbumId")
            .to(&1)
            .set("AlbumTitle")
            .to(&"Total Junk")
            .build(),
        Mutation::new_insert_builder("Albums")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(&1)
            .set("AlbumId")
            .to(&2)
            .set("AlbumTitle")
            .to(&"Go, Go, Go")
            .build(),
        Mutation::new_insert_builder("Albums")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(&2)
            .set("AlbumId")
            .to(&1)
            .set("AlbumTitle")
            .to(&"Green")
            .build(),
        Mutation::new_insert_builder("Albums")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(&2)
            .set("AlbumId")
            .to(&2)
            .set("AlbumTitle")
            .to(&"Forever Hold Your Peace")
            .build(),
        Mutation::new_insert_builder("Albums")
            .set("SingerId")
            .to(&2)
            .set("AlbumId")
            .to(&3)
            .set("AlbumTitle")
            .to(&"Terrified")
            .build(),
    ];

    println!("Inserting initial data into Singers & Albums...");
    let write_transaction = client.write_only_transaction().build();
    write_transaction.write(mutations).await?;
    println!("Inserted data successfully.");

    Ok(())
}

Langkah berikutnya

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