Add column

Update a schema by adding a column.

Explore further

For detailed documentation that includes this code sample, see the following:

Code sample

C++

To learn how to install and use the client library for Spanner, see Spanner client libraries.

To authenticate to Spanner, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment. 

void AddColumn(google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
               std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
               std::string const& database_id) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  auto metadata =
      client
          .UpdateDatabaseDdl(
              database.FullName(),
              {"ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64"})
          .get();
  google::cloud::spanner_testing::LogUpdateDatabaseDdl(  //! TODO(#4758)
      client, database, metadata.status());              //! TODO(#4758)
  if (!metadata) throw std::move(metadata).status();
  std::cout << "Added MarketingBudget column\n";
}

C#

To learn how to install and use the client library for Spanner, see Spanner client libraries.

To authenticate to Spanner, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment. 

public static async Task AddColumn(string connectionString)
{
    await using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
    await connection.OpenAsync();

    await using var command = connection.CreateCommand();
    command.CommandText = "ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64";
    await command.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();

    Console.WriteLine("Added MarketingBudget column");
}

Go

To learn how to install and use the client library for Spanner, see Spanner client libraries.

To authenticate to Spanner, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment. 


func addNewColumn(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, adminClient *database.DatabaseAdminClient, database string) error {
	op, err := adminClient.UpdateDatabaseDdl(ctx, &adminpb.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest{
		Database: database,
		Statements: []string{
			"ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64",
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Added MarketingBudget column\n")
	return nil
}

Java

To learn how to install and use the client library for Spanner, see Spanner client libraries.

To authenticate to Spanner, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment. 

static void addColumn(
    final String project,
    final String instance,
    final String database,
    final Properties properties) throws SQLException {
  try (Connection connection =
      DriverManager.getConnection(
          String.format(
              "jdbc:cloudspanner:/projects/%s/instances/%s/databases/%s",
              project, instance, database),
          properties)) {
    connection
        .createStatement()
        .execute("ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64");
    System.out.println("Added MarketingBudget column");
  }
}

Node.js

To learn how to install and use the client library for Spanner, see Spanner client libraries.

To authenticate to Spanner, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment. 


/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

// creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

const databaseAdminClient = spanner.getDatabaseAdminClient();

// Creates a new index in the database
try {
  const [operation] = await databaseAdminClient.updateDatabaseDdl({
    database: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
      projectId,
      instanceId,
      databaseId
    ),
    statements: ['ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64'],
  });

  console.log('Waiting for operation to complete...');
  await operation.promise();

  console.log('Added the MarketingBudget column.');
} catch (err) {
  console.error('Failed to add column:', err.message || err);
} finally {
  // Close the spanner client when finished.
  // The databaseAdminClient does not require explicit closure. The closure of the Spanner client will automatically close the databaseAdminClient.
  spanner.close();
}

Node.js

To learn how to install and use the client library for Spanner, see Spanner client libraries.

To authenticate to Spanner, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment. 

import { Client } from 'pg';

async function addColumn(host: string, port: number, database: string): Promise<void> {
  const connection = new Client({
    host: host,
    port: port,
    database: database,
  });
  await connection.connect();

  await connection.query(
      "ALTER TABLE albums " +
      "ADD COLUMN marketing_budget bigint");
  console.log("Added marketing_budget column");

  // Close the connection.
  await connection.end();
}

PHP

To learn how to install and use the client library for Spanner, see Spanner client libraries.

To authenticate to Spanner, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment. 

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\Client\DatabaseAdminClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest;

/**
 * Adds a new column to the Albums table in the example database.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * add_column($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $projectId The Google Cloud project ID.
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function add_column(string $projectId, string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $databaseAdminClient = new DatabaseAdminClient();
    $databaseName = DatabaseAdminClient::databaseName($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);

    $request = new UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest([
        'database' => $databaseName,
        'statements' => ['ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64']
    ]);

    $operation = $databaseAdminClient->updateDatabaseDdl($request);

    print('Waiting for operation to complete...' . PHP_EOL);
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();

    printf('Added the MarketingBudget column.' . PHP_EOL);
}

Python

To learn how to install and use the client library for Spanner, see Spanner client libraries.

To authenticate to Spanner, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment. 

def add_column(instance_id, database_id):
    """Adds a new column to the Albums table in the example database."""
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    operation = database.update_ddl(
        ["ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64"]
    )

    print("Waiting for operation to complete...")
    operation.result(OPERATION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)

    print("Added the MarketingBudget column.")

Ruby

To learn how to install and use the client library for Spanner, see Spanner client libraries.

To authenticate to Spanner, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment. 

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"
require "google/cloud/spanner/admin/database"

database_admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database.database_admin

db_path = database_admin_client.database_path project: project_id,
                                              instance: instance_id,
                                              database: database_id

job = database_admin_client.update_database_ddl database: db_path,
                                                statements: [
                                                  "ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64"
                                                ]

puts "Waiting for database update to complete"

job.wait_until_done!

puts "Added the MarketingBudget column"

Rust

use google_cloud_lro::Poller;
use google_cloud_spanner_admin_database_v1::client::DatabaseAdmin;

pub async fn sample(admin_client: &DatabaseAdmin, database_name: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let statements = vec!["ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64"];

    println!("Adding MarketingBudget column to Albums...");
    admin_client
        .update_database_ddl()
        .set_database(database_name)
        .set_statements(statements)
        .poller()
        .until_done()
        .await?;

    println!("Added MarketingBudget column");
    Ok(())
}

What's next

To search and filter code samples for other Google Cloud products, see the Google Cloud sample browser.