Template AstraDB ke BigQuery

Beta

Fitur ini tunduk pada "Persyaratan Penawaran Pra-GA" di bagian Persyaratan Layanan Umum dari Persyaratan Khusus Layanan. Fitur pra-GA tersedia "sebagaimana adanya" dan mungkin memiliki dukungan terbatas. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat deskripsi tahap peluncuran.

Template AstraDB ke BigQuery adalah pipeline batch yang membaca data dari AstraDB dan menuliskannya ke BigQuery.

Jika tabel tujuan tidak ada di BigQuery, pipeline akan membuat tabel dengan nilai berikut:

• Dataset ID, yang diwarisi dari keyspace Cassandra.
• Table ID, yang diwarisi dari tabel Cassandra.

Skema tabel tujuan disimpulkan dari tabel Cassandra sumber.

• List dan Set dipetakan ke kolom REPEATED BigQuery.
• Map dipetakan ke kolom RECORD BigQuery.
• Semua jenis lainnya dipetakan ke kolom BigQuery dengan jenis yang sesuai.
• Jenis data tuple dan jenis yang ditentukan pengguna (UDT) Cassandra tidak didukung.

Persyaratan pipeline

• Akun AstraDB dengan token

Parameter template

Parameter yang diperlukan

• astraToken: Nilai token atau ID resource rahasia. Contoh, AstraCS:abcdefghij.
• astraDatabaseId: ID unik (UUID) database. Contoh, cf7af129-d33a-498f-ad06-d97a6ee6eb7.
• astraKeyspace: Nama keyspace Cassandra di dalam database Astra.
• astraTable: Nama tabel di dalam database Cassandra. Contoh, my_table.

Parameter opsional

• astraQuery: Kueri yang akan digunakan untuk memfilter baris, bukan membaca seluruh tabel.
• astraDatabaseRegion: Jika tidak disediakan, default akan dipilih, yang berguna dengan database multi-region.
• minTokenRangesCount: Jumlah minimum pemisahan yang akan digunakan untuk mendistribusikan kueri.
• outputTableSpec: Lokasi tabel BigQuery yang menjadi tujuan penulisan output. Gunakan format <PROJECT_ID>:<DATASET_NAME>.<TABLE_NAME> Skema tabel harus cocok dengan objek input.

Menjalankan template

Konsol

1. Buka halaman Dataflow Membuat tugas dari template.
Buka Membuat tugas dari template
2. Di kolom Nama tugas, masukkan nama tugas yang unik.
3. Opsional: Untuk Endpoint regional, pilih nilai dari menu drop-down. Region default-nya adalah us-central1.

   Untuk mengetahui daftar region tempat Anda dapat menjalankan tugas Dataflow, lihat Lokasi Dataflow.

4. Dari menu drop-down Template Dataflow, pilih the AstraDB to BigQuery template.
5. Di kolom parameter yang disediakan, masukkan nilai parameter Anda.
6. Klik Jalankan tugas.

gcloud

Catatan: Untuk menggunakan Google Cloud CLI guna menjalankan template flex, Anda harus memiliki Google Cloud CLI versi 284.0.0 atau yang lebih baru.

Di shell atau terminal Anda, jalankan template:

gcloud dataflow flex-template run JOB_NAME \
    --template-file-gcs-location=gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/VERSION/flex/AstraDB_To_BigQuery \
    --project=PROJECT_ID \
    --region=REGION_NAME \
    --parameters \
       astraToken=ASTRA_TOKEN,\
       astraDatabaseId=ASTRA_DATABASE_ID,\
       astraKeyspace=ASTRA_KEYSPACE,\
       astraTable=ASTRA_TABLE,\

Ganti kode berikut:

• JOB_NAME: nama tugas unik pilihan Anda
• VERSION: versi template yang ingin Anda gunakan

  Anda dapat menggunakan nilai berikut:

  • latest untuk menggunakan template versi terbaru, yang tersedia di folder induk tanpa tanggal di bucket—gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/latest/
  • nama versi, seperti 2023-09-12-00_RC00, untuk menggunakan template versi tertentu, yang dapat ditemukan bertingkat di masing-masing folder induk yang diberi tanggal dalam bucket—gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/
  Perhatian: Template versi terbaru dapat diupdate dengan perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan. Lingkungan produksi Anda harus menggunakan template yang disimpan di folder induk berisi tanggal terbaru untuk mencegah perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan ini memengaruhi alur kerja produksi Anda.
• REGION_NAME: region tempat Anda ingin men-deploy tugas Dataflow—misalnya, us-central1
• ASTRA_TOKEN: token Astra
• ASTRA_DATABASE_ID: ID database
• ASTRA_KEYSPACE: keyspace Cassandra
• ASTRA_TABLE: tabel Cassandra

API

Untuk menjalankan template menggunakan REST API, kirim permintaan POST HTTP. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang API dan cakupan otorisasinya, lihat projects.templates.launch.

POST https://dataflow.googleapis.com/v1b3/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/flexTemplates:launch
{
   "launchParameter": {
     "jobName": "JOB_NAME",
     "parameters": {
       "astraToken": "ASTRA_TOKEN",
       "astraDatabaseId": "ASTRA_DATABASE_ID",
       "astraKeyspace": "ASTRA_KEYSPACE",
       "astraTable": "ASTRA_TABLE",
     },
     "containerSpecGcsPath": "gs://dataflow-templates-LOCATION/VERSION/flex/AstraDB_To_BigQuery",
     "environment": { "maxWorkers": "10" }
  }
}

Ganti kode berikut:

• PROJECT_ID: Google Cloud Project ID tempat Anda ingin menjalankan tugas Dataflow
• JOB_NAME: nama tugas unik pilihan Anda
• VERSION: versi template yang ingin Anda gunakan

  Anda dapat menggunakan nilai berikut:

  • latest untuk menggunakan template versi terbaru, yang tersedia di folder induk tanpa tanggal di bucket—gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/latest/
  • nama versi, seperti 2023-09-12-00_RC00, untuk menggunakan template versi tertentu, yang dapat ditemukan bertingkat di masing-masing folder induk yang diberi tanggal dalam bucket—gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/
  Perhatian: Template versi terbaru dapat diupdate dengan perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan. Lingkungan produksi Anda harus menggunakan template yang disimpan di folder induk berisi tanggal terbaru untuk mencegah perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan ini memengaruhi alur kerja produksi Anda.
• LOCATION: region tempat Anda ingin men-deploy tugas Dataflow—misalnya, us-central1
• ASTRA_TOKEN: token Astra
• ASTRA_DATABASE_ID: ID database
• ASTRA_KEYSPACE: keyspace Cassandra
• ASTRA_TABLE: tabel Cassandra

Kode sumber template

Java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2023 Google LLC
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
 * the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */
package com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.astradb.templates;

import com.datastax.oss.driver.api.core.CqlSession;
import com.dtsx.astra.sdk.db.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.api.services.bigquery.model.TableReference;
import com.google.api.services.bigquery.model.TableSchema;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.DatasetId;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.DatasetInfo;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.Template;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateCategory;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.astradb.options.AstraDbToBigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.astradb.transforms.AstraDbToBigQueryMappingFn;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.common.UncaughtExceptionLogger;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.utils.SecretManagerUtils;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.SerializableCoder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.astra.db.AstraDbIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.astra.db.CqlSessionHolder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.astra.db.mapping.AstraDbMapper;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.astra.db.mapping.BeamRowDbMapperFactoryFn;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.BigQueryIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.BigQueryUtils;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.SerializableFunction;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.Row;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * The {@link AstraDbToBigQuery} pipeline is a batch pipeline which ingests data from AstraDB and
 * outputs the resulting records to BigQuery.
 *
 * <p>Check out <a
 * href="https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/DataflowTemplates/blob/main/v2/astradb-to-bigquery/README_AstraDB_to_BigQuery.md">README</a>
 * for instructions on how to use or modify this template.
 */
@Template(
    name = "AstraDB_To_BigQuery",
    category = TemplateCategory.BATCH,
    displayName = "AstraDB to BigQuery",
    description = {
      "The AstraDB to BigQuery template is a batch pipeline that reads records from AstraDB and writes them to BigQuery.",
      "If the destination table doesn't exist in BigQuery, the pipeline creates a table with the following values:\n"
          + "- The `Dataset ID` is inherited from the Cassandra keyspace.\n"
          + "- The `Table ID` is inherited from the Cassandra table.\n",
      "The schema of the destination table is inferred from the source Cassandra table.\n"
          + "- `List` and `Set` are mapped to BigQuery `REPEATED` fields.\n"
          + "- `Map` are mapped to BigQuery `RECORD` fields.\n"
          + "- All other types are mapped to BigQuery fields with the corresponding types.\n"
          + "- Cassandra user-defined types (UDTs) and tuple data types are not supported."
    },
    optionsClass = AstraDbToBigQuery.Options.class,
    flexContainerName = "astradb-to-bigquery",
    documentation =
        "https://cloud.google.com/dataflow/docs/guides/templates/provided/astradb-to-bigquery",
    contactInformation = "https://cloud.google.com/support",
    preview = true,
    requirements = {"AstraDB account with a token"})
public class AstraDbToBigQuery {

  /** Logger for the class. */
  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AstraDbToBigQuery.class);

  /** If not provided, it is the default token range value. */
  public static final int DEFAULT_TOKEN_RANGE = 18;

  /**
   * Options for the sample
   *
   * <p>Inherits standard configuration options.
   */
  public interface Options
      extends PipelineOptions,
          AstraDbToBigQueryOptions.AstraDbSourceOptions,
          AstraDbToBigQueryOptions.BigQueryWriteOptions {}

  /** Main operations. */
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    UncaughtExceptionLogger.register();
    LOGGER.info("Starting pipeline");

    try {

      Options options = PipelineOptionsFactory.fromArgs(args).withValidation().as(Options.class);
      LOGGER.debug("Pipeline Arguments (options) validated");

      // --------------------------------
      // AstraDbIO.Read<Row>
      // --------------------------------

      // Credentials are read from secrets manager
      AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, byte[]> astraCredentials =
          parseAstraCredentials(options);
      LOGGER.debug("Astra Credentials parsed");

      // Map Cassandra Table Schema into BigQuery Table Schema
      SerializableFunction<AstraDbIO.Read<?>, TableSchema> bigQuerySchemaFactory =
          new AstraDbToBigQueryMappingFn(options.getAstraKeyspace(), options.getAstraTable());
      LOGGER.debug("Schema Mapper has been initialized");

      // Map Cassandra Rows into (Apache) Beam Rows (DATA)
      SerializableFunction<CqlSession, AstraDbMapper<Row>> beamRowMapperFactory =
          new BeamRowDbMapperFactoryFn(options.getAstraKeyspace(), options.getAstraTable());
      LOGGER.debug("Row Mapper has been initialized");

      // Distribute reads across all available Cassandra nodes
      int minimalTokenRangesCount =
          (options.getMinTokenRangesCount() == null)
              ? DEFAULT_TOKEN_RANGE
              : options.getMinTokenRangesCount();

      // Source: AstraDb
      AstraDbIO.Read<Row> astraSource =
          AstraDbIO.<Row>read()
              .withToken(astraCredentials.getKey())
              .withSecureConnectBundle(astraCredentials.getValue())
              .withKeyspace(options.getAstraKeyspace())
              .withTable(options.getAstraTable())
              .withMinNumberOfSplits(minimalTokenRangesCount)
              .withMapperFactoryFn(beamRowMapperFactory)
              .withCoder(SerializableCoder.of(Row.class))
              .withEntity(Row.class);
      LOGGER.debug("AstraDb Source initialization [OK]");

      // --------------------------------
      //  BigQueryIO.Write<Row>
      // --------------------------------

      TableReference bqTableRef = parseBigQueryDestinationTable(options);
      createBigQueryDestinationTableIfNotExist(options, bqTableRef);
      LOGGER.debug("BigQuery Sink Table has been initialized");

      // Sink: BigQuery
      BigQueryIO.Write<Row> bigQuerySink =
          BigQueryIO.<Row>write()
              .to(bqTableRef)
              // Specialized function reading cassandra source table and mapping to BigQuery Schema
              .withSchema(bigQuerySchemaFactory.apply(astraSource))
              // Provided by google, convert a Beam Row to a BigQuery TableRow
              .withFormatFunction(row -> row != null ? BigQueryUtils.toTableRow(row) : null)
              // Table Will be created if not exist
              .withCreateDisposition(BigQueryIO.Write.CreateDisposition.CREATE_IF_NEEDED)
              .withWriteDisposition(BigQueryIO.Write.WriteDisposition.WRITE_APPEND);
      LOGGER.debug("BigQuery Sink initialization [OK]");

      // --------------------------------
      //  Pipeline
      // --------------------------------

      Pipeline astraDbToBigQueryPipeline = Pipeline.create(options);
      astraDbToBigQueryPipeline
          .apply("Read From Astra", astraSource)
          .apply("Write To BigQuery", bigQuerySink);
      astraDbToBigQueryPipeline.run();

    } finally {
      // Cassandra Connection is stateful and needs to be closed
      CqlSessionHolder.cleanup();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Parse Astra Credentials from secrets in secret Manager. - SecretManagerUtils is not used as
   * only applied to String secrets
   *
   * @param options pipeline options
   * @return a pair with the token and the secure bundle
   */
  private static AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, byte[]> parseAstraCredentials(
      Options options) {

    String astraToken = options.getAstraToken();
    if (!astraToken.startsWith("AstraCS")) {
      astraToken = SecretManagerUtils.getSecret(options.getAstraToken());
    }
    LOGGER.info("Astra Token is parsed, value={}", astraToken.substring(0, 10) + "...");
    /*
     * Accessing the devops Api to retrieve the secure bundle.
     */
    DatabaseClient astraDbClient = new DatabaseClient(astraToken, options.getAstraDatabaseId());
    if (!astraDbClient.exist()) {
      throw new RuntimeException(
          "Astra Database does not exist, please check your Astra Token and Database ID");
    }
    byte[] astraSecureBundle = astraDbClient.downloadDefaultSecureConnectBundle();
    if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(options.getAstraDatabaseRegion())) {
      astraSecureBundle =
          astraDbClient.downloadSecureConnectBundle(options.getAstraDatabaseRegion());
    }
    LOGGER.info("Astra Bundle is parsed, length={}", astraSecureBundle.length);
    return new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(astraToken, astraSecureBundle);
  }

  /**
   * Create the Bog Query table Reference (provided or based on Cassandra table name).
   *
   * @param options pipeline options
   * @return the big query table reference
   */
  private static TableReference parseBigQueryDestinationTable(Options options) {
    /*
     * bigQueryOutputTableSpec argument is the Big Query table specification. This is parameter
     * is optional. If not set, the table specification is built from the cassandra source table
     * attributes: keyspace=dataset name, table=table name.
     */
    String bigQueryOutputTableSpec = options.getOutputTableSpec();
    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(bigQueryOutputTableSpec)) {
      bigQueryOutputTableSpec =
          options.getProject() + ":" + options.getAstraKeyspace() + "." + options.getAstraTable();
    }
    TableReference bigQueryTableReference = BigQueryUtils.toTableReference(bigQueryOutputTableSpec);
    LOGGER.info("Big Query table spec has been set to {}", bigQueryOutputTableSpec);
    return bigQueryTableReference;
  }

  /**
   * Create destination dataset and tables if needed (schema mapped from Cassandra).
   *
   * @param options pipeline options
   * @param bqTableRef big query table reference
   */
  private static void createBigQueryDestinationTableIfNotExist(
      Options options, TableReference bqTableRef) {
    BigQuery bigquery =
        BigQueryOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(options.getProject()).build().getService();
    if (null
        == bigquery.getDataset(
            DatasetId.of(bqTableRef.getProjectId(), bqTableRef.getDatasetId()))) {
      LOGGER.info(
          "Dataset was not found: creating DataSet {} in region {}",
          bqTableRef.getDatasetId(),
          options.getWorkerRegion());
      bigquery.create(
          DatasetInfo.newBuilder(bqTableRef.getDatasetId())
              .setLocation(options.getWorkerRegion())
              .build());
      LOGGER.debug("Dataset has been created [OK]");
    } else {
      LOGGER.info("Dataset {} already exist", bqTableRef.getDatasetId());
    }
  }
}

Langkah berikutnya

• Pelajari template Dataflow.
• Lihat daftar template yang disediakan Google.