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Mengelola data Spanner Graph

Dokumen ini menunjukkan cara mengelola data dalam Spanner Graph dengan menyisipkan, memperbarui, dan menghapus node dan edge. Spanner Graph memetakan data dari tabel ke node dan tepi grafik. Untuk mengubah data dalam grafik, Anda harus mengubah data dalam tabel input yang sesuai.Anda dapat menggunakan konsol Google Cloud , Google Cloud CLI, atau library klien Spanner untuk mengelola data grafik.

Menyiapkan Spanner Graph

Sebelum dapat mengelola data di Spanner Graph, Anda harus menyiapkan Spanner Graph dengan melakukan hal berikut:

Buat instance Spanner.
Buat database di instance Spanner Anda.
Sisipkan data grafik ke dalam database Anda.

Contoh di bagian ini menggunakan instance dan database yang Anda buat saat menyiapkan Spanner Graph dengan langkah-langkah sebelumnya.

Menyisipkan node atau tepi

Untuk menyisipkan node atau edge ke dalam tabel node atau edge, gunakan konsol Google Cloud , gcloud CLI, atau library klien Spanner.

Di konsol Google Cloud dan di gcloud CLI, Anda dapat menggunakan Bahasa Pengolahan Data (DML) GoogleSQL. Di library klien Spanner, Anda dapat menggunakan DML atau Mutation API.

Sebelum menyisipkan tepi, pastikan node sumber dan tujuan yang dihubungkan oleh tepi ada. Jika Anda menyisipkan tepi saat node sumber atau tujuan yang terhubung oleh tepi tidak ada, Anda mungkin mendapatkan error pelanggaran integritas referensial. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Node sumber yang tidak ada melanggar hubungan INTERLEAVE IN dan Node tujuan yang tidak ada melanggar batasan kunci asing.

Contoh berikut menyisipkan node Account dan edge Transfer ke dalam database yang Anda buat di Menyiapkan Spanner Graph.

Konsol

Di konsol Google Cloud , jalankan pernyataan DML berikut. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menjalankan pernyataan di konsol Google Cloud .

-- Insert 2 Account nodes.
INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked)
VALUES (1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false);
INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked)
VALUES (2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41' AS TIMESTAMP), true);

-- Insert 2 Transfer edges.
INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount)
VALUES (1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100);
INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount)
VALUES (1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200);

gcloud

Di gcloud CLI, jalankan perintah berikut. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menjalankan pernyataan dengan gcloud CLI.

gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked) VALUES (1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false)"
gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked) VALUES (2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41'  AS TIMESTAMP), true)"
gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount) VALUES (1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100)"
gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount) VALUES (1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200)"

Ganti kode berikut:

DATABASE_NAME: nama database Anda.
INSTANCE_NAME: nama instance Anda.

Library klien

Python

def insert_data_with_dml(instance_id, database_id):
    """Inserts sample data into the given database using a DML statement."""

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    def insert_accounts(transaction):
        row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
            "INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked) "
            "  VALUES"
            "    (1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false),"
            "    (2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41' AS TIMESTAMP), true)"
        )

        print("{} record(s) inserted into Account.".format(row_ct))

    def insert_transfers(transaction):
        row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
            "INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount) "
            "  VALUES"
            "    (1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100),"
            "    (1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200) "
        )

        print("{} record(s) inserted into AccountTransferAccount.".format(row_ct))

    database.run_in_transaction(insert_accounts)
    database.run_in_transaction(insert_transfers)

Java

static void insertUsingDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(
          transaction -> {
            String sql =
                "INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked) "
                    + "  VALUES"
                    + "    (1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false),"
                    + "    (2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41' AS TIMESTAMP), true)";
            long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
            System.out.printf("%d record(s) inserted into Account.\n", rowCount);
            return null;
          });

  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(
          transaction -> {
            String sql =
                "INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount) "
                    + "  VALUES"
                    + "    (1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100),"
                    + "    (1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200) ";
            long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
            System.out.printf("%d record(s) inserted into AccountTransferAccount.\n", rowCount);
            return null;
          });
}

Go


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func insertGraphDataWithDml(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Execute a ReadWriteTransaction to insert values into the 'Account' table
	// underpinning 'Account' nodes in 'FinGraph'. The function run by ReadWriteTransaction
	// executes an 'INSERT' SQL DML statement. Graph queries run after this
	// transaction is committed will observe the effects of the new 'Account's
	// added to the graph.
	_, err1 := client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked)
            		VALUES
            	    	(1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false),
            			(2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41' AS TIMESTAMP), true)`,
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d Account record(s) inserted.\n", rowCount)
		return err
	})

	if err1 != nil {
		return err1
	}

	// Execute a ReadWriteTransaction to insert values into the 'AccountTransferAccount'
	// table underpinning 'AccountTransferAccount' edges in 'FinGraph'. The function run
	// by ReadWriteTransaction executes an 'INSERT' SQL DML statement.
	// Graph queries run after this transaction is committed will observe the effects
	// of the edges added to the graph.
	_, err2 := client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount)
					VALUES
						(1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100),
						(1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200)`,
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d AccountTransferAccount record(s) inserted.\n", rowCount)
		return err
	})

	return err2
}

C++

void InsertDataWithDml(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  std::int64_t rows_inserted;
  auto commit_result = client.Commit(
      [&client, &rows_inserted](
          spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto insert =
            client.ExecuteDml(std::move(txn), spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
          INSERT INTO Account (id, create_time, is_blocked)
          VALUES
          (1, CAST('2000-08-10 08:18:48.463959-07:52' AS TIMESTAMP), false),
          (2, CAST('2000-08-12 07:13:16.463959-03:41' AS TIMESTAMP), true)
        )"""));
        if (!insert) return std::move(insert).status();
        rows_inserted = insert->RowsModified();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Rows inserted into Account: " << rows_inserted << "\n";

  commit_result = client.Commit(
      [&client, &rows_inserted](
          spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto insert =
            client.ExecuteDml(std::move(txn), spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
          INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount (id, to_id, create_time, amount)
          VALUES
          (1, 2, CAST('2000-09-11 03:11:18.463959-06:36' AS TIMESTAMP), 100),
          (1, 1, CAST('2000-09-12 04:09:34.463959-05:12' AS TIMESTAMP), 200)
        )"""));
        if (!insert) return std::move(insert).status();
        rows_inserted = insert->RowsModified();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Rows inserted into AccountTransferAccount: " << rows_inserted
            << "\n";

  std::cout << "Insert was successful [spanner_insert_graph_data_with_dml]\n";
}

Memperbarui node atau tepi

Untuk memperbarui node atau edge yang ada, gunakan konsolGoogle Cloud , gcloud CLI, atau library klien Spanner.

Anda dapat memperbarui node atau edge yang ada menggunakan pernyataan Bahasa Pengolahan Data (DML) GoogleSQL, atau kueri Spanner Graph dengan pernyataan DML. Jika menggunakan library klien Spanner, Anda juga dapat menggunakan Mutation API.

Memperbarui node atau tepi dengan DML

Contoh berikut menggunakan DML untuk memperbarui node Account dan edge Transfer yang Anda tambahkan di Menyisipkan node atau edge.

Konsol

Di konsol Google Cloud , jalankan pernyataan DML berikut. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menjalankan pernyataan di konsol Google Cloud .

-- Update Account node
UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false WHERE id = 2;

-- Update Transfer edge
UPDATE AccountTransferAccount
SET amount = 300
WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2;

gcloud

Jalankan pernyataan dengan gcloud CLI.
Di gcloud CLI, jalankan perintah berikut:

gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false WHERE id = 2"
gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="UPDATE AccountTransferAccount SET amount = 300 WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2"

Ganti kode berikut:

DATABASE_NAME: nama database Anda.
INSTANCE_NAME: nama instance Anda.

Library klien

Python

def update_data_with_dml(instance_id, database_id):
    """Updates sample data from the database using a DML statement."""

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    def update_accounts(transaction):
        row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
            "UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false WHERE id = 2"
        )

        print("{} Account record(s) updated.".format(row_ct))

    def update_transfers(transaction):
        row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
            "UPDATE AccountTransferAccount SET amount = 300 WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2"
        )

        print("{} AccountTransferAccount record(s) updated.".format(row_ct))

    database.run_in_transaction(update_accounts)
    database.run_in_transaction(update_transfers)

Java

static void updateUsingDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(
          transaction -> {
            String sql = "UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false WHERE id = 2";
            long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
            System.out.printf("%d Account record(s) updated.\n", rowCount);
            return null;
          });

  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(
          transaction -> {
            String sql =
                "UPDATE AccountTransferAccount SET amount = 300 WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2";
            long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
            System.out.printf("%d AccountTransferAccount record(s) updated.\n", rowCount);
            return null;
          });
}

Go


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func updateGraphDataWithDml(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Execute a ReadWriteTransaction to update the 'Account' table underpinning
	// 'Account' nodes in 'FinGraph'. The function run by ReadWriteTransaction
	// executes an 'UPDATE' SQL DML statement. Graph queries run after this
	// transaction is committed will observe the effects of the update to 'Account'
	// with 'id' = 2.
	_, err1 := client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false WHERE id = 2`,
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d Account record(s) updated.\n", rowCount)
		return err
	})

	if err1 != nil {
		return err1
	}

	// Execute a ReadWriteTransaction to update the 'AccountTransferAccount' table
	// underpinning 'AccountTransferAccount' edges in 'FinGraph'. The function run
	// by ReadWriteTransaction executes an 'UPDATE' SQL DML statement.
	// Graph queries run after this transaction is committed will observe the effects
	// of the update to 'AccountTransferAccount' where the source of the transfer has
	// 'id' 1 and the destination has 'id' 2.
	_, err2 := client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `UPDATE AccountTransferAccount SET amount = 300 WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2`,
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d AccountTransferAccount record(s) updated.\n", rowCount)
		return err
	})

	return err2
}

C++

void UpdateDataWithDml(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  auto commit_result = client.Commit(
      [&client](spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto update = client.ExecuteDml(
            std::move(txn),
            spanner::SqlStatement(
                "UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false WHERE id = 2"));
        if (!update) return std::move(update).status();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();

  commit_result = client.Commit(
      [&client](spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto update =
            client.ExecuteDml(std::move(txn), spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
          UPDATE AccountTransferAccount
            SET amount = 300 WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2)"""));
        if (!update) return std::move(update).status();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();

  std::cout << "Update was successful [spanner_update_graph_data_with_dml]\n";
}

Memperbarui node atau tepi dengan kueri grafik dan DML

Contoh berikut menggunakan kueri Spanner Graph dengan DML untuk memperbarui node Account dan edge Transfer yang Anda tambahkan di Menyisipkan node atau edge.

Konsol

Di konsol Google Cloud , jalankan pernyataan DML berikut. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menjalankan pernyataan di konsol Google Cloud .

-- Use Graph pattern matching to identify Account nodes to update:
UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false
WHERE id IN {
  GRAPH FinGraph
  MATCH (a:Account WHERE a.id = 1)-[:Transfers]->{1,2}(b:Account)
  RETURN b.id
}

gcloud

Di gcloud CLI, jalankan perintah berikut. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menjalankan pernyataan dengan gcloud CLI.

gcloud spanner databases execute-sql DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE_NAME \
    --sql="UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = false"
gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="UPDATE AccountTransferAccount SET amount = 300 WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2"
    --sql=" WHERE id IN { GRAPH FinGraph MATCH (a:Account WHERE a.id = 1)-[:Transfers]->{1,2}(b:Account) RETURN b.id }"

Ganti kode berikut:

DATABASE_NAME: nama database Anda.
INSTANCE_NAME: nama instance Anda.

Library klien

Python

def update_data_with_graph_query_in_dml(instance_id, database_id):
    """Updates sample data from the database using a DML statement."""

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    def update_accounts(transaction):
        row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
            "UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = true "
            "WHERE id IN {"
            "  GRAPH FinGraph"
            "  MATCH (a:Account WHERE a.id = 1)-[:TRANSFERS]->{1,2}(b:Account)"
            "  RETURN b.id}"
        )

        print("{} Account record(s) updated.".format(row_ct))

    database.run_in_transaction(update_accounts)

Java

static void updateUsingGraphQueryInDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(
          transaction -> {
            String sql =
                "UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = true "
                    + "WHERE id IN {"
                    + "  GRAPH FinGraph"
                    + "  MATCH (a:Account WHERE a.id = 1)-[:TRANSFERS]->{1,2}(b:Account)"
                    + "  RETURN b.id}";
            long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
            System.out.printf("%d Account record(s) updated.\n", rowCount);
            return null;
          });
}

Go


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func updateGraphDataWithGraphQueryInDml(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Execute a ReadWriteTransaction to update the 'Account' table underpinning
	// 'Account' nodes in 'FinGraph'. The function run by ReadWriteTransaction
	// executes an 'UPDATE' SQL DML statement. Graph queries run after this
	// transaction is committed will observe the effects of the updates to 'Account's
	//
	// The update is performed for all 'Account's whose 'id' is returned by
	// the graph query in the 'IN' subquery, i.e., all 'Account's that have
	// received transfers directly or via one intermediary from an 'Account'
	// whose 'id' is 1.
	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = true 
            	  WHERE id IN {
            	    GRAPH FinGraph 
            	    MATCH (a:Account WHERE a.id = 1)-[:TRANSFERS]->{1,2}(b:Account)
            	    RETURN b.id}`,
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d Account record(s) updated.\n", rowCount)
		return err
	})

	return err
}

C++

void UpdateDataWithGraphQueryInDml(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit_result = client.Commit(
      [&client](spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto update =
            client.ExecuteDml(std::move(txn), spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
              UPDATE Account SET is_blocked = true
              WHERE id IN {
                GRAPH FinGraph
                MATCH (a:Account WHERE a.id = 1)-[:TRANSFERS]->{1,2}(b:Account)
                RETURN b.id})"""));
        if (!update) return std::move(update).status();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Update was successful "
            << "[spanner_update_graph_data_with_graph_query_in_dml]\n";
}

Menghapus node atau tepi

Untuk menghapus node atau edge yang ada, gunakan konsol Google Cloud , gcloud CLI, atau library klien Spanner.

Di konsol Google Cloud dan gcloud CLI, Anda menggunakan Bahasa Pengolahan Data (DML) GoogleSQL untuk menghapus. Di library klien Spanner, Anda dapat menggunakan DML atau Mutation API untuk menghapus node atau edge.

Untuk mencegah error pelanggaran integritas referensial, pastikan tidak ada tepi yang merujuk ke node saat Anda menghapus node. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Edge keluar yang tidak memiliki induk melanggar hubungan induk-turunan dan Edge masuk yang tidak memiliki induk melanggar hubungan induk-turunan.

Contoh berikut menghapus tepi Transfer dan node Account dari grafik.

Konsol

Di konsol Google Cloud , jalankan pernyataan DML berikut. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menjalankan pernyataan di konsol Google Cloud .

-- Delete Transfer edge
DELETE FROM AccountTransferAccount
WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2;

-- Delete Account node
DELETE FROM Account WHERE id = 2;

gcloud

Di gcloud CLI, jalankan perintah berikut. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Menjalankan pernyataan dengan gcloud CLI.

gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="DELETE FROM AccountTransferAccount WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2"
gcloud spanner databases execute-sql  DATABASE-NAME --instance=INSTANCE-NAME \
    --sql="DELETE FROM Account WHERE id = 2"

Ganti kode berikut:

DATABASE_NAME: nama database Anda.
INSTANCE_NAME: nama instance Anda.

Library klien

Python

def delete_data_with_dml(instance_id, database_id):
    """Deletes sample data from the database using a DML statement."""

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    def delete_transfers(transaction):
        row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
            "DELETE FROM AccountTransferAccount WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2"
        )

        print("{} AccountTransferAccount record(s) deleted.".format(row_ct))

    def delete_accounts(transaction):
        row_ct = transaction.execute_update("DELETE FROM Account WHERE id = 2")

        print("{} Account record(s) deleted.".format(row_ct))

    database.run_in_transaction(delete_transfers)
    database.run_in_transaction(delete_accounts)

Java

static void deleteUsingDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(
          transaction -> {
            String sql = "DELETE FROM AccountTransferAccount WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2";
            long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
            System.out.printf("%d AccountTransferAccount record(s) deleted.\n", rowCount);
            return null;
          });

  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(
          transaction -> {
            String sql = "DELETE FROM Account WHERE id = 2";
            long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
            System.out.printf("%d Account record(s) deleted.\n", rowCount);
            return null;
          });
}

Go


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func deleteGraphDataWithDml(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Execute a ReadWriteTransaction to update the 'AccountTransferAccount'
	// table underpinning 'AccountTransferAccount' edges in 'FinGraph'. The
	// function run by ReadWriteTransaction executes an 'DELETE' SQL DML
	// statement. This has the effect of deleting the 'AccountTransferAccount'
	// edge where the source 'id' is 1 and the destination 'id' is 2 from the graph.
	_, err1 := client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{SQL: `DELETE FROM AccountTransferAccount WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2`}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d AccountTransferAccount record(s) deleted.\n", rowCount)
		return nil
	})

	if err1 != nil {
		return err1
	}

	// Execute a ReadWriteTransaction to update the 'Account' table underpinning
	//'Account' nodes in 'FinGraph'. In 'FinGraph', nodes can only be deleted
	// after any edges referencing the nodes have been deleted first. The function
	// run by ReadWriteTransaction executes an 'DELETE' SQL DML statement. This has
	// the effect of deleting the 'Account' node whose 'id' is 1 from the graph.
	_, err2 := client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{SQL: `DELETE FROM Account WHERE id = 2`}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d Account record(s) deleted.\n", rowCount)
		return nil
	})

	return err2
}

C++

void DeleteDataWithDml(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  auto commit_result = client.Commit([&client](spanner::Transaction txn)
                                         -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
    auto deleted = client.ExecuteDml(
        std::move(txn),
        spanner::SqlStatement(
            "DELETE FROM AccountTransferAccount WHERE id = 1 AND to_id = 2"));
    if (!deleted) return std::move(deleted).status();
    return spanner::Mutations{};
  });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();

  commit_result = client.Commit(
      [&client](spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto deleted = client.ExecuteDml(
            std::move(txn),
            spanner::SqlStatement("DELETE FROM Account WHERE id = 2"));
        if (!deleted) return std::move(deleted).status();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();

  std::cout << "Delete was successful [spanner_delete_graph_data_with_dml]\n";
}

Anda dapat menggabungkan kueri Spanner Graph dengan pernyataan DML, seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam contoh berikut:

  -- Use Graph pattern matching to identify Account nodes to delete:
  DELETE FROM AccountTransferAccount
  WHERE id IN {
    GRAPH FinGraph
    MATCH (a:Account WHERE a.id = 1)-[:Transfers]->(b:Account)
    RETURN b.id
  }

Operasi data otomatis dan massal

Selain menggunakan DML untuk menyisipkan, memperbarui, dan menghapus node dan tepi individual, Anda juga dapat menggunakan metode berikut untuk mengelola data Grafik Spanner:

Anda dapat mengotomatiskan penghapusan tepi dalam grafik menggunakan tindakan ON DELETE CASCADE.
Anda dapat mengotomatiskan penghapusan node dan edge dalam grafik menggunakan kebijakan TTL. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat TTL pada node dan edge.
Memperbarui dan menghapus node dan edge secara massal dengan efisien dalam grafik menggunakan DML yang dipartisi.

Langkah berikutnya

Baca ringkasan kueri Spanner Graph.
Pelajari praktik terbaik untuk menyesuaikan kueri Spanner Graph.

Mengelola data Spanner Graph Tetap teratur dengan koleksi Simpan dan kategorikan konten berdasarkan preferensi Anda.

Menyiapkan Spanner Graph

Menyisipkan node atau tepi

Konsol

gcloud

Library klien

Python

Java

Go

C++

Memperbarui node atau tepi

Memperbarui node atau tepi dengan DML

Konsol

gcloud

Library klien

Python

Java

Go

C++

Memperbarui node atau tepi dengan kueri grafik dan DML

Konsol

gcloud

Library klien

Python

Java

Go

C++

Menghapus node atau tepi

Konsol

gcloud

Library klien

Python

Java

Go

C++

Operasi data otomatis dan massal

Langkah berikutnya

Mengelola data Spanner Graph