放寬資料欄

將必要資料欄變更為可為空值。

深入探索

如需包含這個程式碼範例的詳細說明文件，請參閱下列文章：

• 修改資料表結構定義

程式碼範例

Go

在試用這個範例之前，請先按照「使用用戶端程式庫的 BigQuery 快速入門導覽課程」中的 Go 設定說明操作。詳情請參閱 BigQuery Go API 參考說明文件。

如要向 BigQuery 進行驗證，請設定應用程式預設憑證。詳情請參閱「設定用戶端程式庫的驗證作業」。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	"cloud.google.com/go/bigquery"
)

// relaxTableAPI demonstrates modifying the schema of a table to remove the requirement that columns allow
// no NULL values.
func relaxTableAPI(projectID, datasetID, tableID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// datasetID := "mydatasetid"
	// tableID := "mytableid"
	ctx := context.Background()

	client, err := bigquery.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("bigquery.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Setup: We first create a table with a schema that's restricts NULL values.
	sampleSchema := bigquery.Schema{
		{Name: "full_name", Type: bigquery.StringFieldType, Required: true},
		{Name: "age", Type: bigquery.IntegerFieldType, Required: true},
	}
	original := &bigquery.TableMetadata{
		Schema: sampleSchema,
	}
	if err := client.Dataset(datasetID).Table(tableID).Create(ctx, original); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	tableRef := client.Dataset(datasetID).Table(tableID)
	meta, err := tableRef.Metadata(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Iterate through the schema to set all Required fields to false (nullable).
	var relaxed bigquery.Schema
	for _, v := range meta.Schema {
		v.Required = false
		relaxed = append(relaxed, v)
	}
	newMeta := bigquery.TableMetadataToUpdate{
		Schema: relaxed,
	}
	if _, err := tableRef.Update(ctx, newMeta, meta.ETag); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

Java

在試用這個範例之前，請先按照「使用用戶端程式庫的 BigQuery 快速入門導覽課程」中的 Java 設定說明操作。詳情請參閱 BigQuery Java API 參考說明文件。

如要向 BigQuery 進行驗證，請設定應用程式預設憑證。詳情請參閱「設定用戶端程式庫的驗證作業」。

import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryException;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Field;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.LegacySQLTypeName;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Schema;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.StandardTableDefinition;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Table;

public class RelaxColumnMode {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String datasetName = "MY_DATASET_NAME";
    String tableId = "MY_TABLE_NAME";
    relaxColumnMode(datasetName, tableId);
  }

  public static void relaxColumnMode(String datasetName, String tableId) {
    try {
      // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
      // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
      BigQuery bigquery = BigQueryOptions.getDefaultInstance().getService();

      Table table = bigquery.getTable(datasetName, tableId);

      // Create new relaxed schema based on the existing table schema
      Schema relaxedSchema =
          Schema.of(
              // The only supported modification you can make to a column's mode is changing it from
              // REQUIRED to NULLABLE
              // Changing a column's mode from REQUIRED to NULLABLE is also called column relaxation
              // INFO: LegacySQLTypeName will be updated to StandardSQLTypeName in release 1.103.0
              Field.newBuilder("word", LegacySQLTypeName.STRING)
                  .setMode(Field.Mode.NULLABLE)
                  .build(),
              Field.newBuilder("word_count", LegacySQLTypeName.STRING)
                  .setMode(Field.Mode.NULLABLE)
                  .build(),
              Field.newBuilder("corpus", LegacySQLTypeName.STRING)
                  .setMode(Field.Mode.NULLABLE)
                  .build(),
              Field.newBuilder("corpus_date", LegacySQLTypeName.STRING)
                  .setMode(Field.Mode.NULLABLE)
                  .build());

      // Update the table with the new schema
      Table updatedTable =
          table.toBuilder().setDefinition(StandardTableDefinition.of(relaxedSchema)).build();
      updatedTable.update();
      System.out.println("Table schema successfully relaxed.");
    } catch (BigQueryException e) {
      System.out.println("Table schema not relaxed \n" + e.toString());
    }
  }
}

後續步驟

如要搜尋及篩選其他 Google Cloud 產品的程式碼範例，請參閱Google Cloud 範例瀏覽工具。