Configurar y consultar Spanner Graph

Nota: Esta función está disponible en las ediciones Spanner Enterprise y Enterprise Plus. Para obtener más información, consulta la descripción general de las ediciones de Spanner.

En este documento, se muestra cómo configurar y consultar una base de datos de Spanner Graph para modelar, almacenar y analizar relaciones de datos complejas con la Google Cloud consola y las bibliotecas cliente.

Los siguientes temas te ayudarán a aprender a hacer lo siguiente:

• Crea una instancia de Spanner.

• Crea una base de datos con un esquema de Spanner Graph.

• Inserta datos de gráficos.

• Consulta el gráfico que creaste.

• Limpia los recursos.

Para obtener información sobre los detalles de los precios de Spanner, consulta Precios de Spanner.

Para probar un codelab, consulta Cómo comenzar a usar Spanner Graph.

Antes de comenzar

Accede a tu Google Cloud cuenta de. Si eres nuevo en Google Cloud, crea una cuenta para evaluar el rendimiento de nuestros productos en situaciones reales. Los clientes nuevos también obtienen $300 en créditos gratuitos para ejecutar, probar y, además, implementar cargas de trabajo.

In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

Roles required to select or create a project

• Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
• Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

Go to project selector

Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

Roles required to select or create a project

• Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
• Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

Go to project selector

Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

1. Habilita la API de Spanner:
   Ir a Habilitar la API de Spanner

4. Para obtener los permisos que necesitas para crear instancias y bases de datos, pídele a tu administrador que te otorgue el rol de IAM de administrador de Cloud Spanner (roles/spanner.admin) en tu proyecto.

5. Para obtener los permisos que necesitas para consultar gráficos de Spanner si no tienes el rol de administrador de Cloud Spanner, pídele a tu administrador que te otorgue el rol de lector de bases de datos de Cloud Spanner (roles/spanner.databaseReader) de IAM en tu proyecto.

Crear una instancia de Spanner

Nota: Para explorar Spanner con una instancia de prueba gratuita de 90 días, consulta Crea una instancia de prueba gratuita de Spanner.

Cuando usas Spanner por primera vez, debes crear una instancia, que asigna recursos para las bases de datos de Spanner. En esta sección, se muestra cómo crear una instancia con la Google Cloud consola.

1. En la Google Cloud consola de, ve a la página Spanner.

   Ir a Spanner

2. Selecciona o crea un Google Cloud proyecto si aún no lo hiciste.

3. Realiza una de las siguientes acciones:

   1. Si no creaste una instancia de Spanner antes, en la página Te damos la bienvenida a Spanner, haz clic en Crear una instancia aprovisionada.

   2. Si creaste una instancia de Spanner, en la página Instancias, haz clic en Crear instancia.

4. En la página Selecciona una edición, selecciona Enterprise Plus o Enterprise.

   Spanner Graph solo está disponible en la edición Enterprise o Enterprise Plus. Para comparar las diferentes ediciones, haz clic en Comparar ediciones. Para obtener más información, consulta la descripción general de las ediciones de Spanner.

5. Haz clic en Continuar.

6. En Nombre de la instancia, ingresa un nombre de instancia, por ejemplo, test-instance.

7. En ID de instancia, conserva o cambia el ID de la instancia. El ID de la instancia se establece de forma predeterminada en el nombre de la instancia, pero puedes cambiarlo. El nombre y el ID de la instancia pueden ser iguales o diferentes.

8. Haz clic en Continuar.

9. En Elige una configuración, haz lo siguiente:

   1. Mantén seleccionada la opción Regional.

   2. En Selecciona una configuración, elige una región. Spanner almacena y replica tus instancias en la región que selecciones.

   3. Haz clic en Continuar.

10. En Configura la capacidad de procesamiento, haz lo siguiente:

    1. En Seleccionar unidad, selecciona Unidades de procesamiento (PU).

    2. En Elige un modo de ajuste de escala, mantén seleccionada la opción Asignación manual y, en Cantidad, conserva 1,000 unidades de procesamiento.

11. Haz clic en Crear. La Google Cloud consola muestra la página **Descripción general** de la instancia que creaste.

Crea una base de datos de gráficos con un esquema

En esta sección, se muestra cómo crear una base de datos de Spanner Graph con un esquema de Spanner Graph. Puedes usar la Google Cloud consola o las bibliotecas cliente.

Consola

1. En la Google Cloud consola de, ve a la página Spanner Instancias.

   Ir a Instancias de Spanner

2. Haz clic en la instancia que creaste, por ejemplo, Test Instance.

3. En Descripción general, debajo del nombre de tu instancia, haz clic en Crear base de datos.

4. En Nombre de la base de datos, ingresa un nombre de base de datos. Por ejemplo, example-db.

5. En Selecciona el dialecto de la base de datos, elige SQL estándar de Google. Spanner Graph no está disponible en el dialecto de PostgreSQL.

6. Ingresa el siguiente esquema en la pestaña del editor Plantillas DDL. El esquema contiene dos definiciones de tabla de nodos, Person y Account, y dos definiciones de tabla de aristas, PersonOwnAccount y AccountTransferAccount. Spanner Graph usa tablas relacionales para definir gráficos, por lo que verás tablas relacionales y declaraciones de gráficos en el esquema. Para obtener más información sobre el esquema de Spanner Graph, consulta la descripción general del esquema de Spanner Graph:

   CREATE TABLE Person (
     id               INT64 NOT NULL,
     name             STRING(MAX),
     birthday         TIMESTAMP,
     country          STRING(MAX),
     city             STRING(MAX),
   ) PRIMARY KEY (id);
   
   CREATE TABLE Account (
     id               INT64 NOT NULL,
     create_time      TIMESTAMP,
     is_blocked       BOOL,
     nick_name        STRING(MAX),
   ) PRIMARY KEY (id);
   
   CREATE TABLE PersonOwnAccount (
     id               INT64 NOT NULL,
     account_id       INT64 NOT NULL,
     create_time      TIMESTAMP,
     FOREIGN KEY (account_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
   ) PRIMARY KEY (id, account_id),
     INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Person ON DELETE CASCADE;
   
   CREATE TABLE AccountTransferAccount (
     id               INT64 NOT NULL,
     to_id            INT64 NOT NULL,
     amount           FLOAT64,
     create_time      TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
     order_number     STRING(MAX),
     FOREIGN KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
   ) PRIMARY KEY (id, to_id, create_time),
     INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Account ON DELETE CASCADE;
   
   CREATE OR REPLACE PROPERTY GRAPH FinGraph
     NODE TABLES (Account, Person)
     EDGE TABLES (
       PersonOwnAccount
         SOURCE KEY (id) REFERENCES Person (id)
         DESTINATION KEY (account_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
         LABEL Owns,
       AccountTransferAccount
         SOURCE KEY (id) REFERENCES Account (id)
         DESTINATION KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
         LABEL Transfers
     );
   

   Nota: En el DDL anterior, las tablas de aristas PersonOwnAccount y AccountTransferAccount usan la cláusula INTERLEAVE IN PARENT. La intercalación de tablas es una optimización de coubicación de almacenamiento en Spanner que es fundamental para el rendimiento de las consultas de grafos. Para obtener detalles sobre cómo el intercalación optimiza el recorrido de aristas de grafos, consulta Optimiza el recorrido de aristas.

7. Conserva la configuración predeterminada en Mostrar opciones de encriptación.

8. Haz clic en Crear. Google Cloud La consola muestra la página Descripción general de la base de datos que creaste.

Bibliotecas cliente

Python

def create_database_with_property_graph(instance_id, database_id):
    """Creates a database, tables and a property graph for sample data."""
    from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import spanner_database_admin

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api

    request = spanner_database_admin.CreateDatabaseRequest(
        parent=database_admin_api.instance_path(spanner_client.project, instance_id),
        create_statement=f"CREATE DATABASE `{database_id}`",
        extra_statements=[
            """CREATE TABLE Person (
            id               INT64 NOT NULL,
            name             STRING(MAX),
            birthday         TIMESTAMP,
            country          STRING(MAX),
            city             STRING(MAX),
        ) PRIMARY KEY (id)""",
            """CREATE TABLE Account (
            id               INT64 NOT NULL,
            create_time      TIMESTAMP,
            is_blocked       BOOL,
            nick_name        STRING(MAX),
        ) PRIMARY KEY (id)""",
            """CREATE TABLE PersonOwnAccount (
            id               INT64 NOT NULL,
            account_id       INT64 NOT NULL,
            create_time      TIMESTAMP,
            FOREIGN KEY (account_id)
                REFERENCES Account (id)
        ) PRIMARY KEY (id, account_id),
        INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Person ON DELETE CASCADE""",
            """CREATE TABLE AccountTransferAccount (
            id               INT64 NOT NULL,
            to_id            INT64 NOT NULL,
            amount           FLOAT64,
            create_time      TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
            order_number     STRING(MAX),
            FOREIGN KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
        ) PRIMARY KEY (id, to_id, create_time),
        INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Account ON DELETE CASCADE""",
            """CREATE OR REPLACE PROPERTY GRAPH FinGraph
            NODE TABLES (Account, Person)
            EDGE TABLES (
                PersonOwnAccount
                    SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Person(id)
                    DESTINATION KEY(account_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
                    LABEL Owns,
                AccountTransferAccount
                    SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Account(id)
                    DESTINATION KEY(to_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
                    LABEL Transfers)""",
        ],
    )

    operation = database_admin_api.create_database(request=request)

    print("Waiting for operation to complete...")
    database = operation.result(OPERATION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)

    print(
        "Created database {} on instance {}".format(
            database.name,
            database_admin_api.instance_path(spanner_client.project, instance_id),
        )
    )

Java

static void createDatabaseWithPropertyGraph(
    DatabaseAdminClient dbAdminClient, InstanceName instanceName, String databaseId) {
  CreateDatabaseRequest createDatabaseRequest =
      CreateDatabaseRequest.newBuilder()
          .setCreateStatement("CREATE DATABASE `" + databaseId + "`")
          .setParent(instanceName.toString())
          .addAllExtraStatements(
              Arrays.asList(
                  "CREATE TABLE Person ("
                      + "  id               INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  name             STRING(MAX),"
                      + "  birthday         TIMESTAMP,"
                      + "  country          STRING(MAX),"
                      + "  city             STRING(MAX),"
                      + ") PRIMARY KEY (id)",
                  "CREATE TABLE Account ("
                      + "  id               INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  create_time      TIMESTAMP,"
                      + "  is_blocked       BOOL,"
                      + "  nick_name        STRING(MAX),"
                      + ") PRIMARY KEY (id)",
                  "CREATE TABLE PersonOwnAccount ("
                      + "  id               INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  account_id       INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  create_time      TIMESTAMP,"
                      + "  FOREIGN KEY (account_id)"
                      + "  REFERENCES Account (id)"
                      + ") PRIMARY KEY (id, account_id),"
                      + "INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Person ON DELETE CASCADE",
                  "CREATE TABLE AccountTransferAccount ("
                      + "  id               INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  to_id            INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  amount           FLOAT64,"
                      + "  create_time      TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,"
                      + "  order_number     STRING(MAX),"
                      + "  FOREIGN KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)"
                      + ") PRIMARY KEY (id, to_id, create_time),"
                      + "INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Account ON DELETE CASCADE",
                  "CREATE OR REPLACE PROPERTY GRAPH FinGraph "
                      + "NODE TABLES (Account, Person)"
                      + "EDGE TABLES ("
                      + "  PersonOwnAccount"
                      + "    SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Person(id)"
                      + "    DESTINATION KEY(account_id) REFERENCES Account(id)"
                      + "    LABEL Owns,"
                      + "  AccountTransferAccount"
                      + "    SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Account(id)"
                      + "    DESTINATION KEY(to_id) REFERENCES Account(id)"
                      + "    LABEL Transfers)"))
          .build();
  try {
    // Initiate the request which returns an OperationFuture.
    com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.Database db =
        dbAdminClient.createDatabaseAsync(createDatabaseRequest).get();
    System.out.println("Created database [" + db.getName() + "]");
  } catch (ExecutionException e) {
    // If the operation failed during execution, expose the cause.
    System.out.println("Encountered exception" + e.getCause());
    throw (SpannerException) e.getCause();
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    // Throw when a thread is waiting, sleeping, or otherwise occupied,
    // and the thread is interrupted, either before or during the activity.
    throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(e);
  }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"regexp"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	adminpb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/spanner/admin/database/v1"
)

func createDatabaseWithPropertyGraph(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, dbId string) error {
	// dbId is of the form:
	// 	projects/YOUR_PROJECT_ID/instances/YOUR_INSTANCE_ID/databases/YOUR_DATABASE_NAME
	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.*)/databases/(.*)$").FindStringSubmatch(dbId)
	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid database id %s", dbId)
	}

	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	var instance = matches[1]
	var dbName = matches[2]

	// The schema defintion for a database with a property graph comprises table
	// definitions one or more `CREATE PROPERTY GRAPH` statements to define the
	// property graph(s).
	//
	// Here, tables are created for 'Person's and 'Account's. The property graph
	// definition says that these entities form nodes in the graph. Similarly,
	// there are 'PersonOwnAccount' and 'AccountTransferAccount' relationship
	// tables defined. The property graph definition maps these to edges in the graph.
	var schema_statements = []string{
		`CREATE TABLE Person (
			id               INT64 NOT NULL,
			name             STRING(MAX),
			birthday         TIMESTAMP,
			country          STRING(MAX),
			city             STRING(MAX),
		) PRIMARY KEY (id)`,
		`CREATE TABLE Account (
			id               INT64 NOT NULL,
			create_time      TIMESTAMP,
			is_blocked       BOOL,
			nick_name        STRING(MAX),
		) PRIMARY KEY (id)`,
		`CREATE TABLE PersonOwnAccount (
			id               INT64 NOT NULL,
			account_id       INT64 NOT NULL,
			create_time      TIMESTAMP,
			FOREIGN KEY (account_id)
				REFERENCES Account (id)
		) PRIMARY KEY (id, account_id),
		INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Person ON DELETE CASCADE`,
		`CREATE TABLE AccountTransferAccount (
			id               INT64 NOT NULL,
			to_id            INT64 NOT NULL,
			amount           FLOAT64,
			create_time      TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
			order_number     STRING(MAX),
			FOREIGN KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
		) PRIMARY KEY (id, to_id, create_time),
		INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Account ON DELETE CASCADE`,
		`CREATE OR REPLACE PROPERTY GRAPH FinGraph
			NODE TABLES (Account, Person)
			EDGE TABLES (
				PersonOwnAccount
					SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Person(id)
					DESTINATION KEY(account_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
					LABEL Owns,
				AccountTransferAccount
					SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Account(id)
					DESTINATION KEY(to_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
					LABEL Transfers)`,
	}

	op, err := adminClient.CreateDatabase(ctx, &adminpb.CreateDatabaseRequest{
		Parent:          instance,
		CreateStatement: "CREATE DATABASE `" + dbName + "`",
		ExtraStatements: schema_statements,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created database [%s]\n", dbId)
	return nil
}

C++

void CreateDatabaseWithPropertyGraph(
    google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
    std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
    std::string const& database_id) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  google::spanner::admin::database::v1::CreateDatabaseRequest request;
  request.set_parent(database.instance().FullName());
  request.set_create_statement("CREATE DATABASE `" + database.database_id() +
                               "`");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
    CREATE TABLE Person (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      name             STRING(MAX),
      birthday         TIMESTAMP,
      country          STRING(MAX),
      city             STRING(MAX),
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id))""");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
    CREATE TABLE Account (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      create_time      TIMESTAMP,
      is_blocked       BOOL,
      nick_name        STRING(MAX),
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id))""");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
    CREATE TABLE PersonOwnAccount (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      account_id       INT64 NOT NULL,
      create_time      TIMESTAMP,
      FOREIGN KEY (account_id)
      REFERENCES Account (id)
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id, account_id),
      INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Person ON DELETE CASCADE)""");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
    CREATE TABLE AccountTransferAccount (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      to_id            INT64 NOT NULL,
      amount           FLOAT64,
      create_time      TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
      order_number     STRING(MAX),
      FOREIGN KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id, to_id, create_time),
      INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Account ON DELETE CASCADE)""");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
    CREATE OR REPLACE PROPERTY GRAPH FinGraph
      NODE TABLES (Account, Person)
      EDGE TABLES (
        PersonOwnAccount
          SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Person(id)
          DESTINATION KEY(account_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
          LABEL Owns,
        AccountTransferAccount
          SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Account(id)
          DESTINATION KEY(to_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
          LABEL Transfers))""");
  auto db = client.CreateDatabase(request).get();
  if (!db) throw std::move(db).status();
  std::cout << "Database " << db->name() << " created with property graph.\n";
}

Inserta datos de gráficos

Después de crear tu base de datos, puedes agregarle datos. En esta sección, se muestra cómo insertar datos en tu gráfico con la Google Cloud consola para una interfaz gráfica o con las bibliotecas cliente de forma programática.

Consola

1. En la página Spanner Studio, haz clic en Nueva pestaña o usa la pestaña del editor.

2. Copia y pega las siguientes instrucciones de inserción de datos de gráficos en los nodos y las aristas.

   INSERT INTO Account
     (id, create_time, is_blocked, nick_name)
   VALUES
     (7,"2020-01-10 06:22:20.222",false,"Vacation Fund"),
     (16,"2020-01-27 17:55:09.206",true,"Vacation Fund"),
     (20,"2020-02-18 05:44:20.655",false,"Rainy Day Fund");
   
   INSERT INTO Person
     (id, name, birthday, country, city)
   VALUES
     (1,"Alex","1991-12-21 00:00:00","Australia","Adelaide"),
     (2,"Dana","1980-10-31 00:00:00","Czech_Republic","Moravia"),
     (3,"Lee","1986-12-07 00:00:00","India","Kollam");
   
   INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount
     (id, to_id, amount, create_time, order_number)
   VALUES
     (7,16,300,"2020-08-29 15:28:58.647","304330008004315"),
     (7,16,100,"2020-10-04 16:55:05.342","304120005529714"),
     (16,20,300,"2020-09-25 02:36:14.926","103650009791820"),
     (20,7,500,"2020-10-04 16:55:05.342","304120005529714"),
     (20,16,200,"2020-10-17 03:59:40.247","302290001255747");
   
   INSERT INTO PersonOwnAccount
     (id, account_id, create_time)
   VALUES
     (1,7,"2020-01-10 06:22:20.222"),
     (2,20,"2020-01-27 17:55:09.206"),
     (3,16,"2020-02-18 05:44:20.655");
   

3. Haz clic en Ejecutar. Cuando se complete la ejecución, la pestaña Resultados mostrará que se insertaron 3 filas.

Bibliotecas cliente

Python

def insert_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Inserts sample data into the given database.

    The database and tables must already exist and can be created using
    `create_database_with_property_graph`.
    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.batch() as batch:
        batch.insert(
            table="Account",
            columns=("id", "create_time", "is_blocked", "nick_name"),
            values=[
                (7, "2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z", False, "Vacation Fund"),
                (16, "2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z", True, "Vacation Fund"),
                (20, "2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z", False, "Rainy Day Fund"),
            ],
        )

        batch.insert(
            table="Person",
            columns=("id", "name", "birthday", "country", "city"),
            values=[
                (1, "Alex", "1991-12-21T00:00:00.12Z", "Australia", " Adelaide"),
                (2, "Dana", "1980-10-31T00:00:00.12Z", "Czech_Republic", "Moravia"),
                (3, "Lee", "1986-12-07T00:00:00.12Z", "India", "Kollam"),
            ],
        )

        batch.insert(
            table="AccountTransferAccount",
            columns=("id", "to_id", "amount", "create_time", "order_number"),
            values=[
                (7, 16, 300.0, "2020-08-29T15:28:58.12Z", "304330008004315"),
                (7, 16, 100.0, "2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z", "304120005529714"),
                (16, 20, 300.0, "2020-09-25T02:36:14.12Z", "103650009791820"),
                (20, 7, 500.0, "2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z", "304120005529714"),
                (20, 16, 200.0, "2020-10-17T03:59:40.12Z", "302290001255747"),
            ],
        )

        batch.insert(
            table="PersonOwnAccount",
            columns=("id", "account_id", "create_time"),
            values=[
                (1, 7, "2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z"),
                (2, 20, "2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z"),
                (3, 16, "2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z"),
            ],
        )

    print("Inserted data.")

Java

/** Class to contain sample Person data. */
static class Person {

  final long id;
  final String name;
  final Timestamp birthday;
  final String country;
  final String city;

  Person(long id, String name, Timestamp birthday, String country, String city) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.birthday = birthday;
    this.country = country;
    this.city = city;
  }
}

/** Class to contain sample Account data. */
static class Account {

  final long id;
  final Timestamp createTime;
  final boolean isBlocked;
  final String nickName;

  Account(long id, Timestamp createTime, boolean isBlocked, String nickName) {
    this.id = id;
    this.createTime = createTime;
    this.isBlocked = isBlocked;
    this.nickName = nickName;
  }
}

/** Class to contain sample Transfer data. */
static class Transfer {

  final long id;
  final long toId;
  final double amount;
  final Timestamp createTime;
  final String orderNumber;

  Transfer(long id, long toId, double amount, Timestamp createTime, String orderNumber) {
    this.id = id;
    this.toId = toId;
    this.amount = amount;
    this.createTime = createTime;
    this.orderNumber = orderNumber;
  }
}

/** Class to contain sample Ownership data. */
static class Own {

  final long id;
  final long accountId;
  final Timestamp createTime;

  Own(long id, long accountId, Timestamp createTime) {
    this.id = id;
    this.accountId = accountId;
    this.createTime = createTime;
  }
}

static final List<Account> ACCOUNTS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Account(
            7, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z"), false, "Vacation Fund"),
        new Account(
            16, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z"), true, "Vacation Fund"),
        new Account(
            20, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z"), false, "Rainy Day Fund"));

static final List<Person> PERSONS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Person(
            1,
            "Alex",
            Timestamp.parseTimestamp("1991-12-21T00:00:00.12Z"),
            "Australia",
            " Adelaide"),
        new Person(
            2,
            "Dana",
            Timestamp.parseTimestamp("1980-10-31T00:00:00.12Z"),
            "Czech_Republic",
            "Moravia"),
        new Person(
            3, "Lee", Timestamp.parseTimestamp("1986-12-07T00:00:00.12Z"), "India", "Kollam"));

static final List<Transfer> TRANSFERS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Transfer(
            7, 16, 300.0, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-08-29T15:28:58.12Z"), "304330008004315"),
        new Transfer(
            7, 16, 100.0, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"), "304120005529714"),
        new Transfer(
            16,
            20,
            300.0,
            Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-09-25T02:36:14.12Z"),
            "103650009791820"),
        new Transfer(
            20, 7, 500.0, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"), "304120005529714"),
        new Transfer(
            20,
            16,
            200.0,
            Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-10-17T03:59:40.12Z"),
            "302290001255747"));

static final List<Own> OWNERSHIPS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Own(1, 7, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z")),
        new Own(2, 20, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z")),
        new Own(3, 16, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z")));

static void insertData(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  List<Mutation> mutations = new ArrayList<>();
  for (Account account : ACCOUNTS) {
    mutations.add(
        Mutation.newInsertBuilder("Account")
            .set("id")
            .to(account.id)
            .set("create_time")
            .to(account.createTime)
            .set("is_blocked")
            .to(account.isBlocked)
            .set("nick_name")
            .to(account.nickName)
            .build());
  }
  for (Person person : PERSONS) {
    mutations.add(
        Mutation.newInsertBuilder("Person")
            .set("id")
            .to(person.id)
            .set("name")
            .to(person.name)
            .set("birthday")
            .to(person.birthday)
            .set("country")
            .to(person.country)
            .set("city")
            .to(person.city)
            .build());
  }
  for (Transfer transfer : TRANSFERS) {
    mutations.add(
        Mutation.newInsertBuilder("AccountTransferAccount")
            .set("id")
            .to(transfer.id)
            .set("to_id")
            .to(transfer.toId)
            .set("amount")
            .to(transfer.amount)
            .set("create_time")
            .to(transfer.createTime)
            .set("order_number")
            .to(transfer.orderNumber)
            .build());
  }
  for (Own own : OWNERSHIPS) {
    mutations.add(
        Mutation.newInsertBuilder("PersonOwnAccount")
            .set("id")
            .to(own.id)
            .set("account_id")
            .to(own.accountId)
            .set("create_time")
            .to(own.createTime)
            .build());
  }

  dbClient.write(mutations);
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func parseTime(rfc3339Time string) time.Time {
	t, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, rfc3339Time)
	return t
}

func insertGraphData(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Values are inserted into the node and edge tables corresponding to
	// using Spanner 'Insert' mutations.
	// The tables and columns comply with the schema defined for the
	// property graph 'FinGraph', comprising 'Person' and 'Account' nodes,
	// and 'PersonOwnAccount' and 'AccountTransferAccount' edges.
	personColumns := []string{"id", "name", "birthday", "country", "city"}
	accountColumns := []string{"id", "create_time", "is_blocked", "nick_name"}
	ownColumns := []string{"id", "account_id", "create_time"}
	transferColumns := []string{"id", "to_id", "amount", "create_time", "order_number"}
	m := []*spanner.Mutation{
		spanner.Insert("Account", accountColumns,
			[]interface{}{7, parseTime("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z"), false, "Vacation Fund"}),
		spanner.Insert("Account", accountColumns,
			[]interface{}{16, parseTime("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z"), true, "Vacation Fund"}),
		spanner.Insert("Account", accountColumns,
			[]interface{}{20, parseTime("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z"), false, "Rainy Day Fund"}),
		spanner.Insert("Person", personColumns,
			[]interface{}{1, "Alex", parseTime("1991-12-21T00:00:00.12Z"), "Australia", " Adelaide"}),
		spanner.Insert("Person", personColumns,
			[]interface{}{2, "Dana", parseTime("1980-10-31T00:00:00.12Z"), "Czech_Republic", "Moravia"}),
		spanner.Insert("Person", personColumns,
			[]interface{}{3, "Lee", parseTime("1986-12-07T00:00:00.12Z"), "India", "Kollam"}),
		spanner.Insert("AccountTransferAccount", transferColumns,
			[]interface{}{7, 16, 300.0, parseTime("2020-08-29T15:28:58.12Z"), "304330008004315"}),
		spanner.Insert("AccountTransferAccount", transferColumns,
			[]interface{}{7, 16, 100.0, parseTime("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"), "304120005529714"}),
		spanner.Insert("AccountTransferAccount", transferColumns,
			[]interface{}{16, 20, 300.0, parseTime("2020-09-25T02:36:14.12Z"), "103650009791820"}),
		spanner.Insert("AccountTransferAccount", transferColumns,
			[]interface{}{20, 7, 500.0, parseTime("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"), "304120005529714"}),
		spanner.Insert("AccountTransferAccount", transferColumns,
			[]interface{}{20, 16, 200.0, parseTime("2020-10-17T03:59:40.12Z"), "302290001255747"}),
		spanner.Insert("PersonOwnAccount", ownColumns,
			[]interface{}{1, 7, parseTime("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z")}),
		spanner.Insert("PersonOwnAccount", ownColumns,
			[]interface{}{2, 20, parseTime("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z")}),
		spanner.Insert("PersonOwnAccount", ownColumns,
			[]interface{}{3, 16, parseTime("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z")}),
	}
	_, err = client.Apply(ctx, m)
	return err
}

C++

void InsertData(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  auto insert_accounts =
      spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
          "Account", {"id", "create_time", "is_blocked", "nick_name"})
          .EmplaceRow(7, spanner::Value("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z"), false,
                      "Vacation Fund")
          .EmplaceRow(16, spanner::Value("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z"), true,
                      "Vacation Fund")
          .EmplaceRow(20, spanner::Value("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z"), false,
                      "Rainy Day Fund")
          .Build();

  auto insert_persons =
      spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
          "Person", {"id", "name", "birthday", "country", "city"})
          .EmplaceRow(1, "Alex", spanner::Value("1991-12-21T00:00:00.12Z"),
                      "Australia", "Adelaide")
          .EmplaceRow(2, "Dana", spanner::Value("1980-10-31T00:00:00.12Z"),
                      "Czech_Republic", "Moravia")
          .EmplaceRow(3, "Lee", spanner::Value("1986-12-07T00:00:00.12Z"),
                      "India", "Kollam")
          .Build();

  auto insert_transfers =
      spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
          "AccountTransferAccount",
          {"id", "to_id", "amount", "create_time", "order_number"})
          .EmplaceRow(7, 16, 300.0, spanner::Value("2020-08-29T15:28:58.12Z"),
                      "304330008004315")
          .EmplaceRow(7, 16, 100.0, spanner::Value("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"),
                      "304120005529714")
          .EmplaceRow(16, 20, 300.0, spanner::Value("2020-09-25T02:36:14.12Z"),
                      "103650009791820")
          .EmplaceRow(20, 7, 500.0, spanner::Value("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"),
                      "304120005529714")
          .EmplaceRow(20, 16, 200.0, spanner::Value("2020-10-17T03:59:40.12Z"),
                      "302290001255747")
          .Build();

  auto insert_ownerships =
      spanner::InsertMutationBuilder("PersonOwnAccount",
                                     {"id", "account_id", "create_time"})
          .EmplaceRow(1, 7, spanner::Value("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z"))
          .EmplaceRow(2, 20, spanner::Value("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z"))
          .EmplaceRow(3, 16, spanner::Value("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z"))
          .Build();

  auto commit_result = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      insert_accounts, insert_persons, insert_transfers, insert_ownerships});
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Insert was successful [spanner_insert_graph_data]\n";
}

En el siguiente gráfico, se muestran las personas, las cuentas, la propiedad de las cuentas y las transferencias de cuentas de las inserciones:

Ejecuta una consulta de gráficos

Después de insertar datos en tu gráfico, puedes consultarlo para encontrar patrones y relaciones. En esta sección, se muestra cómo ejecutar consultas con la Google Cloud consola para una interfaz gráfica o de forma programática con bibliotecas cliente.

Consola

1. En la página Descripción general de la base de datos, haz clic en Spanner Studio en el menú de navegación.

2. En la página Spanner Studio, haz clic en Nueva pestaña o usa la pestaña del editor.

3. Ingresa la siguiente consulta en el editor de consultas. La consulta encuentra a todas las personas a las que Dana transfirió dinero y el importe de esas transferencias.

   GRAPH FinGraph
   MATCH
     (from_person:Person {name: "Dana"})-[:Owns]->
     (from_account:Account)-[transfer:Transfers]->
     (to_account:Account)<-[:Owns]-(to_person:Person)
   RETURN
     from_person.name AS from_account_owner,
     from_account.id AS from_account_id,
     to_person.name AS to_account_owner,
     to_account.id AS to_account_id,
     transfer.amount AS amount
   

4. Haz clic en Ejecutar.

   En la pestaña Resultados , se muestran las siguientes rutas de Dana, que es propietaria del número de cuenta 20:

   • A Account {id:7} propiedad de Alex.

   • A Account {id:16} propiedad de Lee.

     

Bibliotecas cliente

Python

def query_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Queries sample data from the database using GQL."""
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
        results = snapshot.execute_sql(
            """Graph FinGraph
            MATCH (a:Person)-[o:Owns]->()-[t:Transfers]->()<-[p:Owns]-(b:Person)
            RETURN a.name AS sender, b.name AS receiver, t.amount, t.create_time AS transfer_at"""
        )

        for row in results:
            print("sender: {}, receiver: {}, amount: {}, transfer_at: {}".format(*row))

Java

static void query(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  try (ResultSet resultSet =
      dbClient
          .singleUse() // Execute a single query against Cloud Spanner.
          .executeQuery(
              Statement.of(
                  "Graph FinGraph MATCH"
                      + " (a:Person)-[o:Owns]->()-[t:Transfers]->()<-[p:Owns]-(b:Person)RETURN"
                      + " a.name AS sender, b.name AS receiver, t.amount, t.create_time AS"
                      + " transfer_at"))) {
    while (resultSet.next()) {
      System.out.printf(
          "%s %s %f %s\n",
          resultSet.getString(0),
          resultSet.getString(1),
          resultSet.getDouble(2),
          resultSet.getTimestamp(3));
    }
  }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"

	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func queryGraphData(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Execute a Spanner query statement comprising a graph query. Graph queries
	// are characterized by 'MATCH' statements describing node and edge
	// patterns.
	//
	// This statement finds entities ('Account's) owned by all 'Person's 'b' to
	// which transfers have been made by entities ('Account's) owned by any
	// 'Person' 'a' in the graph called 'FinGraph'. It then returns the names of
	// all such 'Person's 'a' and 'b', and the amount and time of the transfer.
	stmt := spanner.Statement{SQL: `Graph FinGraph 
		 MATCH (a:Person)-[o:Owns]->()-[t:Transfers]->()<-[p:Owns]-(b:Person)
		 RETURN a.name AS sender, b.name AS receiver, t.amount, t.create_time AS transfer_at`}
	iter := client.Single().Query(ctx, stmt)
	defer iter.Stop()

	// The results are returned in tabular form. Iterate over the
	// result rows and print them.
	for {
		row, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		var sender, receiver string
		var amount float64
		var transfer_at time.Time
		if err := row.Columns(&sender, &receiver, &amount, &transfer_at); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s %s %f %s\n", sender, receiver, amount, transfer_at.Format(time.RFC3339))
	}
}

C++

void QueryData(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  spanner::SqlStatement select(R"""(
    Graph FinGraph
    MATCH (a:Person)-[o:Owns]->()-[t:Transfers]->()<-[p:Owns]-(b:Person)
    RETURN a.name AS sender,
           b.name AS receiver,
           t.amount,
          t.create_time AS transfer_at
  )""");
  using RowType =
      std::tuple<std::string, std::string, double, spanner::Timestamp>;
  auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(std::move(select));
  for (auto& row : spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
    if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
    std::cout << "sender: " << std::get<0>(*row) << "\t";
    std::cout << "receiver: " << std::get<1>(*row) << "\t";
    std::cout << "amount: " << std::get<2>(*row) << "\t";
    std::cout << "transfer_at: " << std::get<3>(*row) << "\n";
  }

  std::cout << "Query completed for [spanner_query_graph_data]\n";
}

Limpia

En esta sección, se muestra cómo limpiar los recursos que creaste para evitar que se generen cargos en tu cuenta de Facturación de Cloud. Si planeas explorar otros ejemplos de Spanner Graph en la sección ¿Qué sigue?, no realices estos pasos todavía. Si borras una instancia de Spanner, también se borrarán todas las bases de datos de esa instancia.

Borra la base de datos

1. En la Google Cloud consola de, ve a Instancias de Spanner.

   Ir a Spanner

2. Haz clic en el nombre de la instancia, por ejemplo, Instancia de prueba.

3. Haz clic en el nombre de la base de datos, por ejemplo, example-db.

4. En la página Detalles de la base de datos, haz clic en Borrar base de datos.

5. Ingresa el nombre de la base de datos y haz clic en Borrar para confirmar que quieres borrar la base de datos.

Borra la instancia

Advertencia: Si borras una instancia, se quitará de forma permanente junto con todas sus bases de datos. No podrás deshacer esta acción. Solo puedes crear una instancia de prueba gratuita por ciclo de vida del proyecto. Si la borras, no podrás crear otra.

1. En Google Cloud la consola de, ve a la página Instancias de Spanner.

   Ir a Instancias de Spanner

2. Haz clic en el nombre de la instancia que deseas borrar, por ejemplo, Instancia de prueba.

3. Haz clic en Borrar instancia.

4. Ingresa el nombre de la instancia y haz clic en Borrar para confirmar que quieres borrar la instancia.

¿Qué sigue?

• Obtén más información sobre Spanner Graph con un codelab.
• Obtén información sobre el esquema de Spanner Graph.
• Crea, actualiza o descarta un esquema de Spanner Graph.
• Inserta, actualiza o borra datos de Spanner Graph.
• Descripción general de las consultas de Spanner Graph.
• Migra a Spanner Graph.
• Obtén información sobre las prácticas recomendadas para el diseño de esquemas de Spanner Graph.
• Obtén información sobre las prácticas recomendadas para ajustar las consultas de Spanner Graph.