计算数据集的 k-图

k-图与 k-匿名性非常相似，不同的只是，前者假设攻击者很可能不知道数据集中的人员。如果数据集相对较小，或者泛化属性所涉及的工作量太大，请使用 k-图。

就像 k-匿名性一样，k-图要求您确定数据库的哪些列是准标识符。这样做是为了说明攻击者最有可能使用哪些数据来重标识主体。此外，计算 k-图值需要重标识化数据集：一个较大的表，用于与原始数据集中的行进行比较。

本主题演示了如何使用 Sensitive Data Protection 计算数据集的 k-map 值。如需从整体上详细了解 k-图或风险分析，请参阅风险分析概念主题，然后再继续。

注意： 目前，您只能使用 DLP API 或 Sensitive Data Protection 支持的客户端库计算 k-图值。Google Cloud 控制台中的 Sensitive Data Protection 不支持计算 k-图值。

注意：如果在执行作业的过程中提前取消其中的某项操作，则该作业中已完成的部分仍然会产生费用。如需详细了解结算，请参阅 Sensitive Data Protection 价格。

准备工作

在继续操作之前，请确保您已完成以下步骤：

1. 登录您的 Google 账号。
2. 在 Google Cloud 控制台的项目选择器页面上，选择或创建 Google Cloud 项目。
转到项目选择器
3. 确保您的 Google Cloud 项目已启用结算功能。 了解如何确认您的项目已启用结算功能。
4. 启用敏感数据保护。
启用 Sensitive Data Protection
5. 选择要分析的 BigQuery 数据集。Sensitive Data Protection 通过扫描 BigQuery 表来计算 k-图指标。
6. 确定您要用于攻击数据集建模的数据集类型。如需了解详情，请参阅 KMapEstimationConfig 对象的参考页面以及风险分析术语和技术。

计算 k-图估算值

您可以使用 Sensitive Data Protection 估算 k-map 值，后者使用统计模型来估算重标识数据集。这与其他明确知道攻击数据集的风险分析方法不同。根据数据类型，敏感数据保护功能会使用公开提供的数据集（例如美国人口普查数据集）或自定义统计模型（例如，您指定的一个或多个 BigQuery 表格），或者根据输入数据集中值的分布进行推断。如需了解详情，请参阅 KMapEstimationConfig 对象的参考页面。

如需使用 Sensitive Data Protection 计算 k-图估算值，请先配置风险作业。请向 projects.dlpJobs 资源发送一个请求，其中 PROJECT_ID 表示项目标识符：

https://dlp.googleapis.com/v2/projects/PROJECT_ID/dlpJobs

该请求包含一个由以下项组成的 RiskAnalysisJobConfig 对象：

• PrivacyMetric 对象。您可以在此处指定包含以下内容的 KMapEstimationConfig 对象以表明您要计算 k-图：

  • quasiIds[]：必填。被视为要扫描的准标识符的字段（TaggedField 对象），用于计算 k-图。任何两列的标记都不能相同。这些标记可为下列任一项：

    • infoType：这会使 Sensitive Data Protection 使用相关的公开数据集作为人口统计模型，包括美国邮政编码、区域代码、年龄和性别。
    • 自定义 infoType：自定义标记，用于指示包含有关此列的可能值的统计信息的辅助表（AuxiliaryTable 对象）。
    • inferred 标记：如果未指示语义标记，请指定 inferred。Sensitive Data Protection 会根据输入数据中值的分布推断统计模型。

  • regionCode：Sensitive Data Protection 要在统计建模中使用的 ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 区域代码。如果未使用区域专属 infoType（如美国邮政编码）或区域代码标记列，则此值是必需的。

  • auxiliaryTables[]：用于分析的辅助表（AuxiliaryTable 对象）。用于标记准标识符列的每个自定义标记（来自 quasiIds[]）都必须恰好出现在一个辅助表的一列中。

• BigQueryTable 对象。通过包括以下所有项指定要扫描的 BigQuery 表格：

  • projectId：表格所属项目的 ID。
  • datasetId：表格的数据集 ID。
  • tableId：表格的名称。

• 由一个或多个 Action 对象组成的对象集，这些对象表示在作业完成时要按给定顺序运行的操作。每个 Action 对象都可以包含以下操作之一：

  • SaveFindings 对象：将风险分析扫描的结果保存到 BigQuery 表格中。
  • PublishToPubSub 对象：向 Pub/Sub 主题发布通知。
  注意： 如果 Pub/Sub 主题存在配置或权限问题，Sensitive Data Protection 会重试发送 Pub/Sub 通知，重试时间最长为两周。两周后，系统会舍弃该通知。
  • PublishSummaryToCscc 对象：将结果摘要保存到 Security Command Center。
  • PublishFindingsToCloudDataCatalog 对象：将结果保存到 Data Catalog。
  • JobNotificationEmails 对象：向您发送电子邮件，其中包含结果。
  • PublishToStackdriver 对象：将结果保存到 Google Cloud Observability。

代码示例

下面是多种语言的示例代码，演示了如何使用 Sensitive Data Protection 计算 k-map 值。

重要提示： 此页面上的代码要求您首先设置 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端。如需详细了解如何安装和创建 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端，请参阅 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库。（无需客户端库即可将 JSON 发送到 Sensitive Data Protection REST 端点。）

Go

如需了解如何安装和使用 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库，请参阅 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库。

如需向 Sensitive Data Protection 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"strings"
	"time"

	dlp "cloud.google.com/go/dlp/apiv2"
	"cloud.google.com/go/dlp/apiv2/dlppb"
	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub"
	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/empty"
)

// riskKMap runs K Map on the given data.
func riskKMap(w io.Writer, projectID, dataProject, pubSubTopic, pubSubSub, datasetID, tableID, region string, columnNames ...string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// dataProject := "bigquery-public-data"
	// pubSubTopic := "dlp-risk-sample-topic"
	// pubSubSub := "dlp-risk-sample-sub"
	// datasetID := "san_francisco"
	// tableID := "bikeshare_trips"
	// region := "US"
	// columnNames := "zip_code"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := dlp.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("dlp.NewClient: %w", err)
	}

	// Create a PubSub Client used to listen for when the inspect job finishes.
	pubsubClient, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer pubsubClient.Close()

	// Create a PubSub subscription we can use to listen for messages.
	// Create the Topic if it doesn't exist.
	t := pubsubClient.Topic(pubSubTopic)
	topicExists, err := t.Exists(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !topicExists {
		if t, err = pubsubClient.CreateTopic(ctx, pubSubTopic); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// Create the Subscription if it doesn't exist.
	s := pubsubClient.Subscription(pubSubSub)
	subExists, err := s.Exists(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !subExists {
		if s, err = pubsubClient.CreateSubscription(ctx, pubSubSub, pubsub.SubscriptionConfig{Topic: t}); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// topic is the PubSub topic string where messages should be sent.
	topic := "projects/" + projectID + "/topics/" + pubSubTopic

	// Build the QuasiID slice.
	var q []*dlppb.PrivacyMetric_KMapEstimationConfig_TaggedField
	for _, c := range columnNames {
		q = append(q, &dlppb.PrivacyMetric_KMapEstimationConfig_TaggedField{
			Field: &dlppb.FieldId{
				Name: c,
			},
			Tag: &dlppb.PrivacyMetric_KMapEstimationConfig_TaggedField_Inferred{
				Inferred: &empty.Empty{},
			},
		})
	}

	// Create a configured request.
	req := &dlppb.CreateDlpJobRequest{
		Parent: fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/global", projectID),
		Job: &dlppb.CreateDlpJobRequest_RiskJob{
			RiskJob: &dlppb.RiskAnalysisJobConfig{
				// PrivacyMetric configures what to compute.
				PrivacyMetric: &dlppb.PrivacyMetric{
					Type: &dlppb.PrivacyMetric_KMapEstimationConfig_{
						KMapEstimationConfig: &dlppb.PrivacyMetric_KMapEstimationConfig{
							QuasiIds:   q,
							RegionCode: region,
						},
					},
				},
				// SourceTable describes where to find the data.
				SourceTable: &dlppb.BigQueryTable{
					ProjectId: dataProject,
					DatasetId: datasetID,
					TableId:   tableID,
				},
				// Send a message to PubSub using Actions.
				Actions: []*dlppb.Action{
					{
						Action: &dlppb.Action_PubSub{
							PubSub: &dlppb.Action_PublishToPubSub{
								Topic: topic,
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}
	// Create the risk job.
	j, err := client.CreateDlpJob(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("CreateDlpJob: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created job: %v\n", j.GetName())
	// Wait for the risk job to finish by waiting for a PubSub message.
	// This only waits for 10 minutes. For long jobs, consider using a truly
	// asynchronous execution model such as Cloud Functions.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Minute)
	defer cancel()
	err = s.Receive(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, msg *pubsub.Message) {
		// If this is the wrong job, do not process the result.

		if msg.Attributes["DlpJobName"] != j.GetName() {
			msg.Nack()
			return
		}
		msg.Ack()
		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
		j, err := client.GetDlpJob(ctx, &dlppb.GetDlpJobRequest{
			Name: j.GetName(),
		})

		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "GetDlpJob: %v", err)
			return
		}
		h := j.GetRiskDetails().GetKMapEstimationResult().GetKMapEstimationHistogram()
		for i, b := range h {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Histogram bucket %v\n", i)
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "  Anonymity range: [%v,%v]\n", b.GetMaxAnonymity(), b.GetMaxAnonymity())
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "  %v unique values total\n", b.GetBucketSize())
			for _, v := range b.GetBucketValues() {
				var qvs []string
				for _, qv := range v.GetQuasiIdsValues() {
					qvs = append(qvs, qv.String())
				}
				fmt.Fprintf(w, "    QuasiID values: %s\n", strings.Join(qvs, ", "))
				fmt.Fprintf(w, "    Estimated anonymity: %v\n", v.GetEstimatedAnonymity())
			}
		}
		// Stop listening for more messages.
		cancel()
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Recieve: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

Java

如需了解如何安装和使用 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库，请参阅 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库。

如需向 Sensitive Data Protection 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import com.google.api.core.SettableApiFuture;
import com.google.cloud.dlp.v2.DlpServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.AckReplyConsumer;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.MessageReceiver;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Subscriber;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.Action;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.Action.PublishToPubSub;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.AnalyzeDataSourceRiskDetails.KMapEstimationResult;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.AnalyzeDataSourceRiskDetails.KMapEstimationResult.KMapEstimationHistogramBucket;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.AnalyzeDataSourceRiskDetails.KMapEstimationResult.KMapEstimationQuasiIdValues;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.BigQueryTable;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.CreateDlpJobRequest;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.DlpJob;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.FieldId;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.GetDlpJobRequest;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.InfoType;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.LocationName;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.PrivacyMetric;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.PrivacyMetric.KMapEstimationConfig;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.PrivacyMetric.KMapEstimationConfig.TaggedField;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.RiskAnalysisJobConfig;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectTopicName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

@SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:AbbreviationAsWordInName")
class RiskAnalysisKMap {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String datasetId = "your-bigquery-dataset-id";
    String tableId = "your-bigquery-table-id";
    String topicId = "pub-sub-topic";
    String subscriptionId = "pub-sub-subscription";
    calculateKMap(projectId, datasetId, tableId, topicId, subscriptionId);
  }

  public static void calculateKMap(
      String projectId, String datasetId, String tableId, String topicId, String subscriptionId)
      throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException, IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the "close" method on the client to safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (DlpServiceClient dlpServiceClient = DlpServiceClient.create()) {
      // Specify the BigQuery table to analyze
      BigQueryTable bigQueryTable =
          BigQueryTable.newBuilder()
              .setProjectId(projectId)
              .setDatasetId(datasetId)
              .setTableId(tableId)
              .build();

      // These values represent the column names of quasi-identifiers to analyze
      List<String> quasiIds = Arrays.asList("Age", "Gender");

      // These values represent the info types corresponding to the quasi-identifiers above
      List<String> infoTypeNames = Arrays.asList("AGE", "GENDER");

      // Tag each of the quasiId column names with its corresponding infoType
      List<InfoType> infoTypes =
          infoTypeNames.stream()
              .map(it -> InfoType.newBuilder().setName(it).build())
              .collect(Collectors.toList());

      if (quasiIds.size() != infoTypes.size()) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("The numbers of quasi-IDs and infoTypes must be equal!");
      }

      List<TaggedField> taggedFields = new ArrayList<TaggedField>();
      for (int i = 0; i < quasiIds.size(); i++) {
        TaggedField taggedField =
            TaggedField.newBuilder()
                .setField(FieldId.newBuilder().setName(quasiIds.get(i)).build())
                .setInfoType(infoTypes.get(i))
                .build();
        taggedFields.add(taggedField);
      }

      // The k-map distribution region can be specified by any ISO-3166-1 region code.
      String regionCode = "US";

      // Configure the privacy metric for the job
      KMapEstimationConfig kmapConfig =
          KMapEstimationConfig.newBuilder()
              .addAllQuasiIds(taggedFields)
              .setRegionCode(regionCode)
              .build();
      PrivacyMetric privacyMetric =
          PrivacyMetric.newBuilder().setKMapEstimationConfig(kmapConfig).build();

      // Create action to publish job status notifications over Google Cloud Pub/Sub
      ProjectTopicName topicName = ProjectTopicName.of(projectId, topicId);
      PublishToPubSub publishToPubSub =
          PublishToPubSub.newBuilder().setTopic(topicName.toString()).build();
      Action action = Action.newBuilder().setPubSub(publishToPubSub).build();

      // Configure the risk analysis job to perform
      RiskAnalysisJobConfig riskAnalysisJobConfig =
          RiskAnalysisJobConfig.newBuilder()
              .setSourceTable(bigQueryTable)
              .setPrivacyMetric(privacyMetric)
              .addActions(action)
              .build();

      // Build the request to be sent by the client
      CreateDlpJobRequest createDlpJobRequest =
          CreateDlpJobRequest.newBuilder()
              .setParent(LocationName.of(projectId, "global").toString())
              .setRiskJob(riskAnalysisJobConfig)
              .build();

      // Send the request to the API using the client
      DlpJob dlpJob = dlpServiceClient.createDlpJob(createDlpJobRequest);

      // Set up a Pub/Sub subscriber to listen on the job completion status
      final SettableApiFuture<Boolean> done = SettableApiFuture.create();

      ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName =
          ProjectSubscriptionName.of(projectId, subscriptionId);

      MessageReceiver messageHandler =
          (PubsubMessage pubsubMessage, AckReplyConsumer ackReplyConsumer) -> {
            handleMessage(dlpJob, done, pubsubMessage, ackReplyConsumer);
          };
      Subscriber subscriber = Subscriber.newBuilder(subscriptionName, messageHandler).build();
      subscriber.startAsync();

      // Wait for job completion semi-synchronously
      // For long jobs, consider using a truly asynchronous execution model such as Cloud Functions
      try {
        done.get(15, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
      } catch (TimeoutException e) {
        System.out.println("Job was not completed after 15 minutes.");
        return;
      } finally {
        subscriber.stopAsync();
        subscriber.awaitTerminated();
      }

      // Build a request to get the completed job
      GetDlpJobRequest getDlpJobRequest =
          GetDlpJobRequest.newBuilder().setName(dlpJob.getName()).build();

      // Retrieve completed job status
      DlpJob completedJob = dlpServiceClient.getDlpJob(getDlpJobRequest);
      System.out.println("Job status: " + completedJob.getState());
      System.out.println("Job name: " + dlpJob.getName());

      // Get the result and parse through and process the information
      KMapEstimationResult kmapResult = completedJob.getRiskDetails().getKMapEstimationResult();

      for (KMapEstimationHistogramBucket result : kmapResult.getKMapEstimationHistogramList()) {
        System.out.printf(
            "\tAnonymity range: [%d, %d]\n", result.getMinAnonymity(), result.getMaxAnonymity());
        System.out.printf("\tSize: %d\n", result.getBucketSize());

        for (KMapEstimationQuasiIdValues valueBucket : result.getBucketValuesList()) {
          List<String> quasiIdValues =
              valueBucket.getQuasiIdsValuesList().stream()
                  .map(
                      value -> {
                        String s = value.toString();
                        return s.substring(s.indexOf(':') + 1).trim();
                      })
                  .collect(Collectors.toList());

          System.out.printf("\tValues: {%s}\n", String.join(", ", quasiIdValues));
          System.out.printf(
              "\tEstimated k-map anonymity: %d\n", valueBucket.getEstimatedAnonymity());
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // handleMessage injects the job and settableFuture into the message reciever interface
  private static void handleMessage(
      DlpJob job,
      SettableApiFuture<Boolean> done,
      PubsubMessage pubsubMessage,
      AckReplyConsumer ackReplyConsumer) {
    String messageAttribute = pubsubMessage.getAttributesMap().get("DlpJobName");
    if (job.getName().equals(messageAttribute)) {
      done.set(true);
      ackReplyConsumer.ack();
    } else {
      ackReplyConsumer.nack();
    }
  }
}

Node.js

如需了解如何安装和使用 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库，请参阅 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库。

如需向 Sensitive Data Protection 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// Import the Google Cloud client libraries
const DLP = require('@google-cloud/dlp');
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Instantiates clients
const dlp = new DLP.DlpServiceClient();
const pubsub = new PubSub();

// The project ID to run the API call under
// const projectId = 'my-project';

// The project ID the table is stored under
// This may or (for public datasets) may not equal the calling project ID
// const tableProjectId = 'my-project';

// The ID of the dataset to inspect, e.g. 'my_dataset'
// const datasetId = 'my_dataset';

// The ID of the table to inspect, e.g. 'my_table'
// const tableId = 'my_table';

// The name of the Pub/Sub topic to notify once the job completes
// TODO(developer): create a Pub/Sub topic to use for this
// const topicId = 'MY-PUBSUB-TOPIC'

// The name of the Pub/Sub subscription to use when listening for job
// completion notifications
// TODO(developer): create a Pub/Sub subscription to use for this
// const subscriptionId = 'MY-PUBSUB-SUBSCRIPTION'

// The ISO 3166-1 region code that the data is representative of
// Can be omitted if using a region-specific infoType (such as US_ZIP_5)
// const regionCode = 'USA';

// A set of columns that form a composite key ('quasi-identifiers'), and
// optionally their reidentification distributions
// const quasiIds = [{ field: { name: 'age' }, infoType: { name: 'AGE' }}];
async function kMapEstimationAnalysis() {
  const sourceTable = {
    projectId: tableProjectId,
    datasetId: datasetId,
    tableId: tableId,
  };

  // Construct request for creating a risk analysis job
  const request = {
    parent: `projects/${projectId}/locations/global`,
    riskJob: {
      privacyMetric: {
        kMapEstimationConfig: {
          quasiIds: quasiIds,
          regionCode: regionCode,
        },
      },
      sourceTable: sourceTable,
      actions: [
        {
          pubSub: {
            topic: `projects/${projectId}/topics/${topicId}`,
          },
        },
      ],
    },
  };
  // Create helper function for unpacking values
  const getValue = obj => obj[Object.keys(obj)[0]];

  // Run risk analysis job
  const [topicResponse] = await pubsub.topic(topicId).get();
  const subscription = await topicResponse.subscription(subscriptionId);
  const [jobsResponse] = await dlp.createDlpJob(request);
  const jobName = jobsResponse.name;
  console.log(`Job created. Job name: ${jobName}`);

  // Watch the Pub/Sub topic until the DLP job finishes
  await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const messageHandler = message => {
      if (message.attributes && message.attributes.DlpJobName === jobName) {
        message.ack();
        subscription.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
        subscription.removeListener('error', errorHandler);
        resolve(jobName);
      } else {
        message.nack();
      }
    };

    const errorHandler = err => {
      subscription.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
      subscription.removeListener('error', errorHandler);
      reject(err);
    };

    subscription.on('message', messageHandler);
    subscription.on('error', errorHandler);
  });
  setTimeout(() => {
    console.log(' Waiting for DLP job to fully complete');
  }, 500);
  const [job] = await dlp.getDlpJob({name: jobName});

  const histogramBuckets =
    job.riskDetails.kMapEstimationResult.kMapEstimationHistogram;

  histogramBuckets.forEach((histogramBucket, histogramBucketIdx) => {
    console.log(`Bucket ${histogramBucketIdx}:`);
    console.log(
      `  Anonymity range: [${histogramBucket.minAnonymity}, ${histogramBucket.maxAnonymity}]`
    );
    console.log(`  Size: ${histogramBucket.bucketSize}`);
    histogramBucket.bucketValues.forEach(valueBucket => {
      const values = valueBucket.quasiIdsValues.map(value => getValue(value));
      console.log(`    Values: ${values.join(' ')}`);
      console.log(
        `    Estimated k-map anonymity: ${valueBucket.estimatedAnonymity}`
      );
    });
  });
}

await kMapEstimationAnalysis();

PHP

如需了解如何安装和使用 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库，请参阅 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库。

如需向 Sensitive Data Protection 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Exception;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\Action;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\Action\PublishToPubSub;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\BigQueryTable;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\Client\DlpServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\CreateDlpJobRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\DlpJob\JobState;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\FieldId;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\GetDlpJobRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\InfoType;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\PrivacyMetric;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\PrivacyMetric\KMapEstimationConfig;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\PrivacyMetric\KMapEstimationConfig\TaggedField;
use Google\Cloud\Dlp\V2\RiskAnalysisJobConfig;
use Google\Cloud\PubSub\PubSubClient;

/**
 * Computes the k-map risk estimation of a column set in a Google BigQuery table.
 *
 * @param string   $callingProjectId  The project ID to run the API call under
 * @param string   $dataProjectId     The project ID containing the target Datastore
 * @param string   $topicId           The name of the Pub/Sub topic to notify once the job completes
 * @param string   $subscriptionId    The name of the Pub/Sub subscription to use when listening for job
 * @param string   $datasetId         The ID of the dataset to inspect
 * @param string   $tableId           The ID of the table to inspect
 * @param string   $regionCode        The ISO 3166-1 region code that the data is representative of
 * @param string[] $quasiIdNames      Array columns that form a composite key (quasi-identifiers)
 * @param string[] $infoTypes         Array of infoTypes corresponding to the chosen quasi-identifiers
 */
function k_map(
    string $callingProjectId,
    string $dataProjectId,
    string $topicId,
    string $subscriptionId,
    string $datasetId,
    string $tableId,
    string $regionCode,
    array $quasiIdNames,
    array $infoTypes
): void {
    // Instantiate a client.
    $dlp = new DlpServiceClient();
    $pubsub = new PubSubClient();
    $topic = $pubsub->topic($topicId);

    // Verify input
    if (count($infoTypes) != count($quasiIdNames)) {
        throw new Exception('Number of infoTypes and number of quasi-identifiers must be equal!');
    }

    // Map infoTypes to quasi-ids
    $quasiIdObjects = array_map(function ($quasiId, $infoType) {
        $quasiIdField = (new FieldId())
            ->setName($quasiId);

        $quasiIdType = (new InfoType())
            ->setName($infoType);

        $quasiIdObject = (new TaggedField())
            ->setInfoType($quasiIdType)
            ->setField($quasiIdField);

        return $quasiIdObject;
    }, $quasiIdNames, $infoTypes);

    // Construct analysis config
    $statsConfig = (new KMapEstimationConfig())
        ->setQuasiIds($quasiIdObjects)
        ->setRegionCode($regionCode);

    $privacyMetric = (new PrivacyMetric())
        ->setKMapEstimationConfig($statsConfig);

    // Construct items to be analyzed
    $bigqueryTable = (new BigQueryTable())
        ->setProjectId($dataProjectId)
        ->setDatasetId($datasetId)
        ->setTableId($tableId);

    // Construct the action to run when job completes
    $pubSubAction = (new PublishToPubSub())
        ->setTopic($topic->name());

    $action = (new Action())
        ->setPubSub($pubSubAction);

    // Construct risk analysis job config to run
    $riskJob = (new RiskAnalysisJobConfig())
        ->setPrivacyMetric($privacyMetric)
        ->setSourceTable($bigqueryTable)
        ->setActions([$action]);

    // Listen for job notifications via an existing topic/subscription.
    $subscription = $topic->subscription($subscriptionId);

    // Submit request
    $parent = "projects/$callingProjectId/locations/global";
    $createDlpJobRequest = (new CreateDlpJobRequest())
        ->setParent($parent)
        ->setRiskJob($riskJob);
    $job = $dlp->createDlpJob($createDlpJobRequest);

    // Poll Pub/Sub using exponential backoff until job finishes
    // Consider using an asynchronous execution model such as Cloud Functions
    $attempt = 1;
    $startTime = time();
    do {
        foreach ($subscription->pull() as $message) {
            if (
                isset($message->attributes()['DlpJobName']) &&
                $message->attributes()['DlpJobName'] === $job->getName()
            ) {
                $subscription->acknowledge($message);
                // Get the updated job. Loop to avoid race condition with DLP API.
                do {
                    $getDlpJobRequest = (new GetDlpJobRequest())
                        ->setName($job->getName());
                    $job = $dlp->getDlpJob($getDlpJobRequest);
                } while ($job->getState() == JobState::RUNNING);
                break 2; // break from parent do while
            }
        }
        print('Waiting for job to complete' . PHP_EOL);
        // Exponential backoff with max delay of 60 seconds
        sleep(min(60, pow(2, ++$attempt)));
    } while (time() - $startTime < 600); // 10 minute timeout

    // Print finding counts
    printf('Job %s status: %s' . PHP_EOL, $job->getName(), JobState::name($job->getState()));
    switch ($job->getState()) {
        case JobState::DONE:
            $histBuckets = $job->getRiskDetails()->getKMapEstimationResult()->getKMapEstimationHistogram();

            foreach ($histBuckets as $bucketIndex => $histBucket) {
                // Print bucket stats
                printf('Bucket %s:' . PHP_EOL, $bucketIndex);
                printf(
                    '  Anonymity range: [%s, %s]' . PHP_EOL,
                    $histBucket->getMinAnonymity(),
                    $histBucket->getMaxAnonymity()
                );
                printf('  Size: %s' . PHP_EOL, $histBucket->getBucketSize());

                // Print bucket values
                foreach ($histBucket->getBucketValues() as $percent => $valueBucket) {
                    printf(
                        '  Estimated k-map anonymity: %s' . PHP_EOL,
                        $valueBucket->getEstimatedAnonymity()
                    );

                    // Pretty-print quasi-ID values
                    print('  Values: ' . PHP_EOL);
                    foreach ($valueBucket->getQuasiIdsValues() as $index => $value) {
                        print('    ' . $value->serializeToJsonString() . PHP_EOL);
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        case JobState::FAILED:
            printf('Job %s had errors:' . PHP_EOL, $job->getName());
            $errors = $job->getErrors();
            foreach ($errors as $error) {
                var_dump($error->getDetails());
            }
            break;
        case JobState::PENDING:
            print('Job has not completed. Consider a longer timeout or an asynchronous execution model' . PHP_EOL);
            break;
        default:
            print('Unexpected job state. Most likely, the job is either running or has not yet started.');
    }
}

Python

如需了解如何安装和使用 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库，请参阅 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库。

如需向 Sensitive Data Protection 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import concurrent.futures
from typing import List

import google.cloud.dlp
from google.cloud.dlp_v2 import types
import google.cloud.pubsub


def k_map_estimate_analysis(
    project: str,
    table_project_id: str,
    dataset_id: str,
    table_id: str,
    topic_id: str,
    subscription_id: str,
    quasi_ids: List[str],
    info_types: List[str],
    region_code: str = "US",
    timeout: int = 300,
) -> None:
    """Uses the Data Loss Prevention API to compute the k-map risk estimation
        of a column set in a Google BigQuery table.
    Args:
        project: The Google Cloud project id to use as a parent resource.
        table_project_id: The Google Cloud project id where the BigQuery table
            is stored.
        dataset_id: The id of the dataset to inspect.
        table_id: The id of the table to inspect.
        topic_id: The name of the Pub/Sub topic to notify once the job
            completes.
        subscription_id: The name of the Pub/Sub subscription to use when
            listening for job completion notifications.
        quasi_ids: A set of columns that form a composite key and optionally
            their re-identification distributions.
        info_types: Type of information of the quasi_id in order to provide a
            statistical model of population.
        region_code: The ISO 3166-1 region code that the data is representative
            of. Can be omitted if using a region-specific infoType (such as
            US_ZIP_5)
        timeout: The number of seconds to wait for a response from the API.

    Returns:
        None; the response from the API is printed to the terminal.
    """

    # Create helper function for unpacking values
    def get_values(obj: types.Value) -> int:
        return int(obj.integer_value)

    # Instantiate a client.
    dlp = google.cloud.dlp_v2.DlpServiceClient()

    # Convert the project id into full resource ids.
    topic = google.cloud.pubsub.PublisherClient.topic_path(project, topic_id)
    parent = f"projects/{project}/locations/global"

    # Location info of the BigQuery table.
    source_table = {
        "project_id": table_project_id,
        "dataset_id": dataset_id,
        "table_id": table_id,
    }

    # Check that numbers of quasi-ids and info types are equal
    if len(quasi_ids) != len(info_types):
        raise ValueError(
            """Number of infoTypes and number of quasi-identifiers
                            must be equal!"""
        )

    # Convert quasi id list to Protobuf type
    def map_fields(quasi_id: str, info_type: str) -> dict:
        return {"field": {"name": quasi_id}, "info_type": {"name": info_type}}

    quasi_ids = map(map_fields, quasi_ids, info_types)

    # Tell the API where to send a notification when the job is complete.
    actions = [{"pub_sub": {"topic": topic}}]

    # Configure risk analysis job
    # Give the name of the numeric column to compute risk metrics for
    risk_job = {
        "privacy_metric": {
            "k_map_estimation_config": {
                "quasi_ids": quasi_ids,
                "region_code": region_code,
            }
        },
        "source_table": source_table,
        "actions": actions,
    }

    # Call API to start risk analysis job
    operation = dlp.create_dlp_job(request={"parent": parent, "risk_job": risk_job})

    def callback(message: google.cloud.pubsub_v1.subscriber.message.Message) -> None:
        if message.attributes["DlpJobName"] == operation.name:
            # This is the message we're looking for, so acknowledge it.
            message.ack()

            # Now that the job is done, fetch the results and print them.
            job = dlp.get_dlp_job(request={"name": operation.name})
            print(f"Job name: {job.name}")
            histogram_buckets = (
                job.risk_details.k_map_estimation_result.k_map_estimation_histogram
            )
            # Print bucket stats
            for i, bucket in enumerate(histogram_buckets):
                print(f"Bucket {i}:")
                print(
                    "   Anonymity range: [{}, {}]".format(
                        bucket.min_anonymity, bucket.max_anonymity
                    )
                )
                print(f"   Size: {bucket.bucket_size}")
                for value_bucket in bucket.bucket_values:
                    print(
                        "   Values: {}".format(
                            map(get_values, value_bucket.quasi_ids_values)
                        )
                    )
                    print(
                        "   Estimated k-map anonymity: {}".format(
                            value_bucket.estimated_anonymity
                        )
                    )
            subscription.set_result(None)
        else:
            # This is not the message we're looking for.
            message.drop()

    # Create a Pub/Sub client and find the subscription. The subscription is
    # expected to already be listening to the topic.
    subscriber = google.cloud.pubsub.SubscriberClient()
    subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project, subscription_id)
    subscription = subscriber.subscribe(subscription_path, callback)

    try:
        subscription.result(timeout=timeout)
    except concurrent.futures.TimeoutError:
        print(
            "No event received before the timeout. Please verify that the "
            "subscription provided is subscribed to the topic provided."
        )
        subscription.close()

C#

如需了解如何安装和使用 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库，请参阅 Sensitive Data Protection 客户端库。

如需向 Sensitive Data Protection 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

using Google.Api.Gax.ResourceNames;
using Google.Cloud.Dlp.V2;
using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using static Google.Cloud.Dlp.V2.Action.Types;
using static Google.Cloud.Dlp.V2.PrivacyMetric.Types;
using static Google.Cloud.Dlp.V2.PrivacyMetric.Types.KMapEstimationConfig.Types;

public class RiskAnalysisCreateKMap
{
    public static object KMap(
        string callingProjectId,
        string tableProjectId,
        string datasetId,
        string tableId,
        string topicId,
        string subscriptionId,
        IEnumerable<FieldId> quasiIds,
        IEnumerable<InfoType> infoTypes,
        string regionCode)
    {
        var dlp = DlpServiceClient.Create();

        // Construct + submit the job
        var kmapEstimationConfig = new KMapEstimationConfig
        {
            QuasiIds =
                {
                    quasiIds.Zip(
                        infoTypes,
                        (Field, InfoType) => new TaggedField
                        {
                            Field = Field,
                            InfoType = InfoType
                        }
                    )
                },
            RegionCode = regionCode
        };

        var config = new RiskAnalysisJobConfig()
        {
            PrivacyMetric = new PrivacyMetric
            {
                KMapEstimationConfig = kmapEstimationConfig
            },
            SourceTable = new BigQueryTable
            {
                ProjectId = tableProjectId,
                DatasetId = datasetId,
                TableId = tableId
            },
            Actions =
            {
                new Google.Cloud.Dlp.V2.Action
                {
                    PubSub = new PublishToPubSub
                    {
                        Topic = $"projects/{callingProjectId}/topics/{topicId}"
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        var submittedJob = dlp.CreateDlpJob(
            new CreateDlpJobRequest
            {
                ParentAsProjectName = new ProjectName(callingProjectId),
                RiskJob = config
            });

        // Listen to pub/sub for the job
        var subscriptionName = new SubscriptionName(
            callingProjectId,
            subscriptionId);
        var subscriber = SubscriberClient.CreateAsync(
            subscriptionName).Result;

        // SimpleSubscriber runs your message handle function on multiple
        // threads to maximize throughput.
        var done = new ManualResetEventSlim(false);
        subscriber.StartAsync((PubsubMessage message, CancellationToken cancel) =>
        {
            if (message.Attributes["DlpJobName"] == submittedJob.Name)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(500); // Wait for DLP API results to become consistent
                done.Set();
                return Task.FromResult(SubscriberClient.Reply.Ack);
            }
            else
            {
                return Task.FromResult(SubscriberClient.Reply.Nack);
            }
        });

        done.Wait(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10)); // 10 minute timeout; may not work for large jobs
        subscriber.StopAsync(CancellationToken.None).Wait();

        // Process results
        var resultJob = dlp.GetDlpJob(new GetDlpJobRequest
        {
            DlpJobName = DlpJobName.Parse(submittedJob.Name)
        });

        var result = resultJob.RiskDetails.KMapEstimationResult;

        for (var histogramIdx = 0; histogramIdx < result.KMapEstimationHistogram.Count; histogramIdx++)
        {
            var histogramValue = result.KMapEstimationHistogram[histogramIdx];
            Console.WriteLine($"Bucket {histogramIdx}");
            Console.WriteLine($"  Anonymity range: [{histogramValue.MinAnonymity}, {histogramValue.MaxAnonymity}].");
            Console.WriteLine($"  Size: {histogramValue.BucketSize}");

            foreach (var datapoint in histogramValue.BucketValues)
            {
                // 'UnpackValue(x)' is a prettier version of 'x.toString()'
                Console.WriteLine($"    Values: [{String.Join(',', datapoint.QuasiIdsValues.Select(x => UnpackValue(x)))}]");
                Console.WriteLine($"    Estimated k-map anonymity: {datapoint.EstimatedAnonymity}");
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }

    public static string UnpackValue(Value protoValue)
    {
        var jsonValue = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, object>>(protoValue.ToString());
        return jsonValue.Values.ElementAt(0).ToString();
    }
}

查看 k-图作业结果

如需使用 REST API 检索 k-图风险分析作业，请将以下 GET 请求发送到 projects.dlpJobs 资源。将 PROJECT_ID 替换为您的项目 ID，并将 JOB_ID 替换为您要获取其结果的作业的标识符。作业 ID 在启动作业时返回，也可通过列出所有作业来检索。

GET https://dlp.googleapis.com/v2/projects/PROJECT_ID/dlpJobs/JOB_ID

该请求会返回包含作业实例的 JSON 对象。分析的结果位于 AnalyzeDataSourceRiskDetails 对象的 "riskDetails" 键中。如需了解详情，请参阅 DlpJob 资源的 API 参考文档。

后续步骤

• 了解如何计算数据集的 k-匿名性值。
• 了解如何计算数据集的 l-多样性值。
• 了解如何计算数据集的 δ-存在性值。