透過程式管理使用者

本文說明如何使用 Identity Platform Admin SDK，以程式輔助方式管理使用者。您可以使用 Admin SDK 執行各種常見的管理工作，例如建立、查詢及修改使用者。

事前準備

安裝 Admin SDK。

取得使用者

依 ID 取得使用者

識別使用者的主要方式是透過uid：

Node.js

getAuth()
  .getUser(uid)
  .then((userRecord) => {
    // See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
    console.log(`Successfully fetched user data: ${userRecord.toJSON()}`);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error fetching user data:', error);
  });

Java

UserRecord userRecord = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getUser(uid);
// See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
System.out.println("Successfully fetched user data: " + userRecord.getUid());

Python

from firebase_admin import auth

user = auth.get_user(uid)
print(f'Successfully fetched user data: {user.uid}')

Go

// Get an auth client from the firebase.App
client, err := app.Auth(ctx)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error getting Auth client: %v\n", err)
}

u, err := client.GetUser(ctx, uid)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error getting user %s: %v\n", uid, err)
}
log.Printf("Successfully fetched user data: %v\n", u)

C#

UserRecord userRecord = await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.GetUserAsync(uid);
// See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
Console.WriteLine($"Successfully fetched user data: {userRecord.Uid}");

依電子郵件地址取得使用者

您也可以使用電子郵件地址取得使用者：

Node.js

getAuth()
  .getUserByEmail(email)
  .then((userRecord) => {
    // See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
    console.log(`Successfully fetched user data: ${userRecord.toJSON()}`);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error fetching user data:', error);
  });

Java

UserRecord userRecord = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getUserByEmail(email);
// See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
System.out.println("Successfully fetched user data: " + userRecord.getEmail());

Python

from firebase_admin import auth

user = auth.get_user_by_email(email)
print(f'Successfully fetched user data: {user.uid}')

Go

u, err := client.GetUserByEmail(ctx, email)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error getting user by email %s: %v\n", email, err)
}
log.Printf("Successfully fetched user data: %v\n", u)

C#

UserRecord userRecord = await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.GetUserByEmailAsync(email);
// See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
Console.WriteLine($"Successfully fetched user data: {userRecord.Uid}");

請注意，你只能使用主要電子郵件地址搜尋，無法使用特定供應商的電子郵件地址。舉例來說，如果電子郵件地址為 facebookUser@example.com 的 Facebook 帳戶已連結至電子郵件地址為 user@example.com 的現有使用者，則呼叫 getUserByEmail("facebookUser@example.com") 不會產生任何結果。呼叫 getUserByEmail("user@example.com") 會傳回預期使用者。

主要電子郵件地址取決於帳戶連結設定：

  • 連結使用相同電子郵件地址的帳戶：主要電子郵件地址是您用來登入的第一個電子郵件地址，除非您手動更新。
  • 為每個身分識別資訊提供者建立多個帳戶：除非手動更新，否則只有在建立密碼使用者時，才會設定主要電子郵件地址。

透過電話號碼取得使用者

如果使用者有電話號碼，您可以透過電話號碼搜尋：

Node.js

getAuth()
  .getUserByPhoneNumber(phoneNumber)
  .then((userRecord) => {
    // See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
    console.log(`Successfully fetched user data:  ${userRecord.toJSON()}`);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error fetching user data:', error);
  });

Java

UserRecord userRecord = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getUserByPhoneNumber(phoneNumber);
// See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
System.out.println("Successfully fetched user data: " + userRecord.getPhoneNumber());

Python

from firebase_admin import auth

user = auth.get_user_by_phone_number(phone)
print(f'Successfully fetched user data: {user.uid}')

Go

u, err := client.GetUserByPhoneNumber(ctx, phone)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error getting user by phone %s: %v\n", phone, err)
}
log.Printf("Successfully fetched user data: %v\n", u)

C#

UserRecord userRecord = await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.GetUserByPhoneNumberAsync(phoneNumber);
// See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
Console.WriteLine($"Successfully fetched user data: {userRecord.Uid}");

大量擷取使用者資料

您也可以根據您提供的 ID 擷取使用者清單。您可以透過使用者 ID、電子郵件地址或電話號碼識別使用者。單次呼叫最多可提供 100 個 ID。ID 可包含多種型別：

Node.js

getAuth()
  .getUsers([
    { uid: 'uid1' },
    { email: 'user2@example.com' },
    { phoneNumber: '+15555550003' },
    { providerId: 'google.com', providerUid: 'google_uid4' },
  ])
  .then((getUsersResult) => {
    console.log('Successfully fetched user data:');
    getUsersResult.users.forEach((userRecord) => {
      console.log(userRecord);
    });

    console.log('Unable to find users corresponding to these identifiers:');
    getUsersResult.notFound.forEach((userIdentifier) => {
      console.log(userIdentifier);
    });
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error fetching user data:', error);
  });

Java

GetUsersResult result = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getUsersAsync(Arrays.asList(
    new UidIdentifier("uid1"),
    new EmailIdentifier("user2@example.com"),
    new PhoneIdentifier("+15555550003"),
    new ProviderIdentifier("google.com", "google_uid4"))).get();

System.out.println("Successfully fetched user data:");
for (UserRecord user : result.getUsers()) {
  System.out.println(user.getUid());
}

System.out.println("Unable to find users corresponding to these identifiers:");
for (UserIdentifier uid : result.getNotFound()) {
  System.out.println(uid);
}

Python

from firebase_admin import auth

result = auth.get_users([
    auth.UidIdentifier('uid1'),
    auth.EmailIdentifier('user2@example.com'),
    auth.PhoneIdentifier(+15555550003),
    auth.ProviderIdentifier('google.com', 'google_uid4')
])

print('Successfully fetched user data:')
for user in result.users:
    print(user.uid)

print('Unable to find users corresponding to these identifiers:')
for uid in result.not_found:
    print(uid)

Go

getUsersResult, err := client.GetUsers(ctx, []auth.UserIdentifier{
	auth.UIDIdentifier{UID: "uid1"},
	auth.EmailIdentifier{Email: "user@example.com"},
	auth.PhoneIdentifier{PhoneNumber: "+15555551234"},
	auth.ProviderIdentifier{ProviderID: "google.com", ProviderUID: "google_uid1"},
})
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error retriving multiple users: %v\n", err)
}

log.Printf("Successfully fetched user data:")
for _, u := range getUsersResult.Users {
	log.Printf("%v", u)
}

log.Printf("Unable to find users corresponding to these identifiers:")
for _, id := range getUsersResult.NotFound {
	log.Printf("%v", id)
}

C#

GetUsersResult result = await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.GetUsersAsync(
    new List<UserIdentifier>
    {
        new UidIdentifier("uid1"),
        new EmailIdentifier("user2@example.com"),
        new PhoneIdentifier("+15555550003"),
        new ProviderIdentifier("google.com", "google_uid4"),
    });

Console.WriteLine("Successfully fetched user data:");
foreach (UserRecord user in result.Users)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"User: {user.Uid}");
}

Console.WriteLine("Unable to find users corresponding to these identifiers:");
foreach (UserIdentifier uid in result.NotFound)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"{uid}");
}

這個方法會傳回與輸入清單大小相同的清單，每個項目都包含對應的 UserRecord 或錯誤，指出無法查閱該 ID 的原因。

列出使用者

以下程式碼顯示如何列出所有使用者：

Node.js

const listAllUsers = (nextPageToken) => {
  // List batch of users, 1000 at a time.
  getAuth()
    .listUsers(1000, nextPageToken)
    .then((listUsersResult) => {
      listUsersResult.users.forEach((userRecord) => {
        console.log('user', userRecord.toJSON());
      });
      if (listUsersResult.pageToken) {
        // List next batch of users.
        listAllUsers(listUsersResult.pageToken);
      }
    })
    .catch((error) => {
      console.log('Error listing users:', error);
    });
};
// Start listing users from the beginning, 1000 at a time.
listAllUsers();

Java

// Start listing users from the beginning, 1000 at a time.
ListUsersPage page = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().listUsers(null);
while (page != null) {
  for (ExportedUserRecord user : page.getValues()) {
    System.out.println("User: " + user.getUid());
  }
  page = page.getNextPage();
}

// Iterate through all users. This will still retrieve users in batches,
// buffering no more than 1000 users in memory at a time.
page = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().listUsers(null);
for (ExportedUserRecord user : page.iterateAll()) {
  System.out.println("User: " + user.getUid());
}

Python

# Start listing users from the beginning, 1000 at a time.
page = auth.list_users()
while page:
    for user in page.users:
        print('User: ' + user.uid)
    # Get next batch of users.
    page = page.get_next_page()

# Iterate through all users. This will still retrieve users in batches,
# buffering no more than 1000 users in memory at a time.
for user in auth.list_users().iterate_all():
    print('User: ' + user.uid)

Go

// Note, behind the scenes, the Users() iterator will retrive 1000 Users at a time through the API
iter := client.Users(ctx, "")
for {
	user, err := iter.Next()
	if err == iterator.Done {
		break
	}
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("error listing users: %s\n", err)
	}
	log.Printf("read user user: %v\n", user)
}

// Iterating by pages 100 users at a time.
// Note that using both the Next() function on an iterator and the NextPage()
// on a Pager wrapping that same iterator will result in an error.
pager := iterator.NewPager(client.Users(ctx, ""), 100, "")
for {
	var users []*auth.ExportedUserRecord
	nextPageToken, err := pager.NextPage(&users)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("paging error %v\n", err)
	}
	for _, u := range users {
		log.Printf("read user user: %v\n", u)
	}
	if nextPageToken == "" {
		break
	}
}

C#

// Start listing users from the beginning, 1000 at a time.
var pagedEnumerable = FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.ListUsersAsync(null);
var responses = pagedEnumerable.AsRawResponses().GetAsyncEnumerator();
while (await responses.MoveNextAsync())
{
    ExportedUserRecords response = responses.Current;
    foreach (ExportedUserRecord user in response.Users)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"User: {user.Uid}");
    }
}

// Iterate through all users. This will still retrieve users in batches,
// buffering no more than 1000 users in memory at a time.
var enumerator = FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.ListUsersAsync(null).GetAsyncEnumerator();
while (await enumerator.MoveNextAsync())
{
    ExportedUserRecord user = enumerator.Current;
    Console.WriteLine($"User: {user.Uid}");
}

系統會分批傳回使用者，並依 uid 排序。每批結果都包含使用者清單，以及用於擷取下一批結果的下一頁權杖。列出所有使用者後，系統不會傳回 pageToken。

maxResult 欄位會指定批量上限。預設值和最大值為 1000。

列出使用者密碼雜湊

由於密碼雜湊屬於機密資訊，因此除非使用者具備 firebaseauth.configs.getHashConfig 權限，否則 Admin SDK 不會傳回這類資訊。預先定義角色不會授予這項權限。如要授予權限，請按照下列步驟操作：

  1. 建立自訂角色，授予 firebaseauth.configs.getHashConfig 權限。

  2. 將自訂角色授予使用者或服務帳戶。

具備這個自訂角色的使用者後續呼叫 listUsers() 時，系統會一併傳送 passwordHash 和 passwordSalt 欄位。

建立使用者

以程式輔助方式建立新使用者，可避免對一般使用者施加部分限制。您不會受到節流或頻率限制，而且可以略過電子郵件地址和電話號碼的正常驗證程序。

如要建立新使用者，請按照下列步驟操作：

Node.js

getAuth()
  .createUser({
    email: 'user@example.com',
    emailVerified: false,
    phoneNumber: '+11234567890',
    password: 'secretPassword',
    displayName: 'John Doe',
    photoURL: 'http://www.example.com/12345678/photo.png',
    disabled: false,
  })
  .then((userRecord) => {
    // See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
    console.log('Successfully created new user:', userRecord.uid);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error creating new user:', error);
  });

Java

CreateRequest request = new CreateRequest()
    .setEmail("user@example.com")
    .setEmailVerified(false)
    .setPassword("secretPassword")
    .setPhoneNumber("+11234567890")
    .setDisplayName("John Doe")
    .setPhotoUrl("http://www.example.com/12345678/photo.png")
    .setDisabled(false);

UserRecord userRecord = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().createUser(request);
System.out.println("Successfully created new user: " + userRecord.getUid());

Python

user = auth.create_user(
    email='user@example.com',
    email_verified=False,
    phone_number='+15555550100',
    password='secretPassword',
    display_name='John Doe',
    photo_url='http://www.example.com/12345678/photo.png',
    disabled=False)
print(f'Sucessfully created new user: {user.uid}')

Go

params := (&auth.UserToCreate{}).
	Email("user@example.com").
	EmailVerified(false).
	PhoneNumber("+15555550100").
	Password("secretPassword").
	DisplayName("John Doe").
	PhotoURL("http://www.example.com/12345678/photo.png").
	Disabled(false)
u, err := client.CreateUser(ctx, params)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error creating user: %v\n", err)
}
log.Printf("Successfully created user: %v\n", u)

C#

UserRecordArgs args = new UserRecordArgs()
{
    Email = "user@example.com",
    EmailVerified = false,
    PhoneNumber = "+11234567890",
    Password = "secretPassword",
    DisplayName = "John Doe",
    PhotoUrl = "http://www.example.com/12345678/photo.png",
    Disabled = false,
};
UserRecord userRecord = await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.CreateUserAsync(args);
// See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
Console.WriteLine($"Successfully created new user: {userRecord.Uid}");

您可以為新使用者設定下列任一屬性。所有屬性皆為選用。

屬性 類型 說明
uid 字串 指派給新建立使用者的 uid。必須是長度介於 1 至 128 個字元之間的字串 (含首尾)。如未提供，系統會自動產生隨機 uid。
email 字串 使用者的主要電子郵件地址。請輸入有效的電子郵件地址。
emailVerified 布林值 使用者的主要電子郵件地址是否已通過驗證。如未提供，則預設為 false。
phoneNumber 字串 使用者的主要電話號碼。必須是符合 E.164 規格的有效電話號碼。
password 字串 使用者的原始密碼 (未經過雜湊處理)。長度不得少於六個字元。
displayName 字串 使用者的顯示名稱。
photoURL 字串 使用者的相片網址。
disabled 布林值 使用者是否已停用。true (已停用)； false (已啟用)。如未提供，預設值為 false。

更新使用者

Node.js

getAuth()
  .updateUser(uid, {
    email: 'modifiedUser@example.com',
    phoneNumber: '+11234567890',
    emailVerified: true,
    password: 'newPassword',
    displayName: 'Jane Doe',
    photoURL: 'http://www.example.com/12345678/photo.png',
    disabled: true,
  })
  .then((userRecord) => {
    // See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
    console.log('Successfully updated user', userRecord.toJSON());
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error updating user:', error);
  });

Java

UpdateRequest request = new UpdateRequest(uid)
    .setEmail("user@example.com")
    .setPhoneNumber("+11234567890")
    .setEmailVerified(true)
    .setPassword("newPassword")
    .setDisplayName("Jane Doe")
    .setPhotoUrl("http://www.example.com/12345678/photo.png")
    .setDisabled(true);

UserRecord userRecord = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().updateUser(request);
System.out.println("Successfully updated user: " + userRecord.getUid());

Python

user = auth.update_user(
    uid,
    email='user@example.com',
    phone_number='+15555550100',
    email_verified=True,
    password='newPassword',
    display_name='John Doe',
    photo_url='http://www.example.com/12345678/photo.png',
    disabled=True)
print(f'Sucessfully updated user: {user.uid}')

Go

params := (&auth.UserToUpdate{}).
	Email("user@example.com").
	EmailVerified(true).
	PhoneNumber("+15555550100").
	Password("newPassword").
	DisplayName("John Doe").
	PhotoURL("http://www.example.com/12345678/photo.png").
	Disabled(true)
u, err := client.UpdateUser(ctx, uid, params)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error updating user: %v\n", err)
}
log.Printf("Successfully updated user: %v\n", u)

C#

UserRecordArgs args = new UserRecordArgs()
{
    Uid = uid,
    Email = "modifiedUser@example.com",
    PhoneNumber = "+11234567890",
    EmailVerified = true,
    Password = "newPassword",
    DisplayName = "Jane Doe",
    PhotoUrl = "http://www.example.com/12345678/photo.png",
    Disabled = true,
};
UserRecord userRecord = await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.UpdateUserAsync(args);
// See the UserRecord reference doc for the contents of userRecord.
Console.WriteLine($"Successfully updated user: {userRecord.Uid}");

您可以更新下列任何使用者屬性。所有屬性皆為選填。 如果未指定屬性，屬性值將維持不變。

屬性 類型 說明
email 字串 使用者的新主要電子郵件地址。請輸入有效的電子郵件地址。
emailVerified 布林值 使用者的主要電子郵件地址是否已通過驗證。如未提供，則預設為 false。
phoneNumber 字串 使用者的新主要電話號碼。必須是符合 E.164 規格的有效電話號碼。設為 null 可清除使用者現有的電話號碼。
password 字串 使用者的新原始密碼 (未經過雜湊處理)。長度不得少於六個字元。
displayName 字串 | null 使用者的顯示名稱。設為 null 可清除使用者現有的顯示名稱。
photoURL 字串 | null 使用者的相片新網址。設為 null 可清除使用者現有的相片網址。如果不是 null，則必須是有效的網址。
disabled 布林值 使用者是否已停用。true：已停用。 false：已啟用。

刪除使用者

您可以刪除使用者及其 uid：

Node.js

getAuth()
  .deleteUser(uid)
  .then(() => {
    console.log('Successfully deleted user');
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error deleting user:', error);
  });

Java

FirebaseAuth.getInstance().deleteUser(uid);
System.out.println("Successfully deleted user.");

Python

auth.delete_user(uid)
print('Successfully deleted user')

Go

err := client.DeleteUser(ctx, uid)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error deleting user: %v\n", err)
}
log.Printf("Successfully deleted user: %s\n", uid)

C#

await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.DeleteUserAsync(uid);
Console.WriteLine("Successfully deleted user.");

刪除多位使用者

您也可以一次刪除多位使用者：

Node.js

getAuth()
  .deleteUsers([uid1, uid2, uid3])
  .then((deleteUsersResult) => {
    console.log(`Successfully deleted ${deleteUsersResult.successCount} users`);
    console.log(`Failed to delete ${deleteUsersResult.failureCount} users`);
    deleteUsersResult.errors.forEach((err) => {
      console.log(err.error.toJSON());
    });
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.log('Error deleting users:', error);
  });

Java

DeleteUsersResult result = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().deleteUsersAsync(
    Arrays.asList("uid1", "uid2", "uid3")).get();

System.out.println("Successfully deleted " + result.getSuccessCount() + " users");
System.out.println("Failed to delete " + result.getFailureCount() + " users");
for (ErrorInfo error : result.getErrors()) {
  System.out.println("error #" + error.getIndex() + ", reason: " + error.getReason());
}

Python

from firebase_admin import auth

result = auth.delete_users(["uid1", "uid2", "uid3"])

print(f'Successfully deleted {result.success_count} users')
print(f'Failed to delete {result.failure_count} users')
for err in result.errors:
    print(f'error #{result.index}, reason: {result.reason}')

Go

deleteUsersResult, err := client.DeleteUsers(ctx, []string{"uid1", "uid2", "uid3"})
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error deleting users: %v\n", err)
}

log.Printf("Successfully deleted %d users", deleteUsersResult.SuccessCount)
log.Printf("Failed to delete %d users", deleteUsersResult.FailureCount)
for _, err := range deleteUsersResult.Errors {
	log.Printf("%v", err)
}

C#

DeleteUsersResult result = await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.DeleteUsersAsync(new List<string>
    {
        "uid1",
        "uid2",
        "uid3",
    });

Console.WriteLine($"Successfully deleted {result.SuccessCount} users.");
Console.WriteLine($"Failed to delete {result.FailureCount} users.");

foreach (ErrorInfo err in result.Errors)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Error #{err.Index}, reason: {err.Reason}");
}

刪除使用者方法會傳回無法刪除的使用者失敗清單。

後續步驟