데이터 마스킹 정책 만들기

특정 BigQuery 테이블 열에 데이터 마스킹 규칙을 적용하는 데이터 정책을 만듭니다. 이는 BigQuery에서 열 수준 보안을 구현하는 기본 메커니즘입니다.

코드 샘플

Node.js

이 샘플을 사용해 보기 전에 BigQuery 빠른 시작: 클라이언트 라이브러리 사용의 Node.js 설정 안내를 따르세요. 자세한 내용은 BigQuery Node.js API 참고 문서를 확인하세요.

BigQuery에 인증하려면 애플리케이션 기본 사용자 인증 정보를 설정합니다. 자세한 내용은 클라이언트 라이브러리의 인증 설정을 참조하세요.

const datapolicy = require('@google-cloud/bigquery-datapolicies');
const {DataPolicyServiceClient} = datapolicy.v2;
const protos = datapolicy.protos.google.cloud.bigquery.datapolicies.v2;
const {status} = require('@grpc/grpc-js');

const dataPolicyServiceClient = new DataPolicyServiceClient();

/**
 * Creates a data policy to apply a data masking rule to a specific BigQuery table column.
 * This is a primary mechanism for implementing column-level security in BigQuery.
 *
 * @param {string} projectId The Google Cloud project ID (for example, 'example-project-id')
 * @param {string} location The Google Cloud location. Example: 'us'
 * @param {string} dataPolicyId The user-assigned ID of the data policy. Example: 'example-data-policy-id'
 */
async function createDataPolicy(projectId, location, dataPolicyId) {
  const parent = `projects/${projectId}/locations/${location}`;

  const dataPolicy = {
    dataPolicyType: protos.DataPolicy.DataPolicyType.DATA_MASKING_POLICY,
    dataMaskingPolicy: {
      predefinedExpression:
        protos.DataMaskingPolicy.PredefinedExpression.SHA256,
    },
  };

  const request = {
    parent,
    dataPolicyId,
    dataPolicy,
  };

  try {
    const [response] = await dataPolicyServiceClient.createDataPolicy(request);
    console.log(`Successfully created data policy: ${response.name}`);
    console.log(`Data policy ID: ${response.dataPolicyId}`);
    console.log(`Data policy type: ${response.dataPolicyType}`);
    if (response.dataMaskingPolicy) {
      console.log(
        `Data masking expression: ${response.dataMaskingPolicy.predefinedExpression}`,
      );
    }
  } catch (err) {
    if (err.code === status.ALREADY_EXISTS) {
      console.log(
        `Data policy '${dataPolicyId}' already exists in location '${location}' of project '${projectId}'.`,
      );
      console.log(
        'Consider updating the existing data policy or using a different dataPolicyId.',
      );
    } else {
      console.error('Error creating data policy:', err.message);
    }
  }
}

Python

이 샘플을 사용해 보기 전에 BigQuery 빠른 시작: 클라이언트 라이브러리 사용의 Python 설정 안내를 따르세요. 자세한 내용은 BigQuery Python API 참고 문서를 확인하세요.

BigQuery에 인증하려면 애플리케이션 기본 사용자 인증 정보를 설정합니다. 자세한 내용은 클라이언트 라이브러리의 인증 설정을 참조하세요.

from google.api_core import exceptions
from google.cloud import bigquery_datapolicies_v2

client = bigquery_datapolicies_v2.DataPolicyServiceClient()


def create_data_policy(project_id: str, location: str, data_policy_id: str) -> None:
    """Creates a data policy to apply a data masking rule to a specific BigQuery table column.
    This is a primary mechanism for implementing column-level security in BigQuery.

    Args:
        project_id (str): The Google Cloud project ID.
        location (str): The geographic location of the data policy (for example, "us-central1").
        data_policy_id (str): The ID for the new data policy.
    """

    parent = f"projects/{project_id}/locations/{location}"

    # Define the data masking policy.
    # Here, we specify a SHA-256 predefined expression for data masking.
    data_masking_policy = bigquery_datapolicies_v2.DataMaskingPolicy(
        predefined_expression=bigquery_datapolicies_v2.DataMaskingPolicy.PredefinedExpression.SHA256
    )

    # Create the DataPolicy object.
    # We set the type to DATA_MASKING_POLICY and assign the defined masking policy.
    data_policy = bigquery_datapolicies_v2.DataPolicy(
        data_policy_type=bigquery_datapolicies_v2.DataPolicy.DataPolicyType.DATA_MASKING_POLICY,
        data_masking_policy=data_masking_policy,
    )

    request = bigquery_datapolicies_v2.CreateDataPolicyRequest(
        parent=parent,
        data_policy_id=data_policy_id,
        data_policy=data_policy,
    )

    try:
        response = client.create_data_policy(request=request)
        print(f"Successfully created data policy: {response.name}")
        print(f"Data Policy ID: {response.data_policy_id}")
        print(f"Data Policy Type: {response.data_policy_type.name}")
        print(
            "Data Masking Predefined Expression:"
            f" {response.data_masking_policy.predefined_expression.name}"
        )
    except exceptions.AlreadyExists as e:
        print(
            f"Error: Data policy '{data_policy_id}' already exists in project"
            f" '{project_id}' in location '{location}'. Use a unique ID or"
            " update the existing policy if needed."
        )

    except exceptions.NotFound as e:
        print(
            f"Error: The specified project '{project_id}' or location '{location}'"
            " was not found or is inaccessible. Make sure the project ID and"
            " location are correct and you have the necessary permissions."
        )
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")

다음 단계

다른 Google Cloud 제품의 코드 샘플을 검색하고 필터링하려면 Google Cloud 샘플 브라우저를 참조하세요.