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Recevoir des messages d'un abonnement pull

Ce document explique comment recevoir des messages à partir d'un abonnement par extraction. Vous pouvez utiliser la console Google Cloud , Google Cloud CLI, la bibliothèque cliente ou l'API Pub/Sub pour créer un abonnement pull.

Avant de commencer

Créez un abonnement pull.

Rôles et autorisations nécessaires

Pour obtenir l'autorisation nécessaire pour recevoir des messages d'un abonnement par extraction, demandez à votre administrateur de vous accorder le rôle IAM Abonné Pub/Sub (roles/pubsub.subscriber) sur l'abonnement. Pour en savoir plus sur l'attribution de rôles, consultez Gérer l'accès aux projets, aux dossiers et aux organisations.

Ce rôle prédéfini contient l'autorisation pubsub.subscriptions.consume, qui est nécessaire pour recevoir des messages d'un abonnement pull.

Vous pouvez également obtenir cette autorisation avec des rôles personnalisés ou d'autres rôles prédéfinis.

Extraire un message d'un abonnement

Les exemples suivants montrent comment extraire un message d'un abonnement à l'aide de l'API StreamingPull ou de l'API Pull.

API StreamingPull

Pour utiliser l'API StreamingPull, vous devez utiliser une bibliothèque cliente.

La console Google Cloud et Google Cloud CLI ne sont pas compatibles avec l'API StreamingPull.

Exemples de code StreamingPull et de bibliothèque cliente de haut niveau

C++

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour C++ dans le guide de démarrage rapide : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence de l'API Pub/Sub C++.

namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
auto sample = [](pubsub::Subscriber subscriber) {
  return subscriber.Subscribe(
      [&](pubsub::Message const& m, pubsub::AckHandler h) {
        std::cout << "Received message " << m << "\n";
        std::move(h).ack();
        PleaseIgnoreThisSimplifiesTestingTheSamples();
      });
};

C#

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions d'installation dans le langage C# qui se trouvent sur la page Démarrage rapide : utiliser des bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence de l'API Pub/Sub C#.


using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class PullMessagesAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<int> PullMessagesAsync(string projectId, string subscriptionId, bool acknowledge)
    {
        SubscriptionName subscriptionName = SubscriptionName.FromProjectSubscription(projectId, subscriptionId);
        SubscriberClient subscriber = await SubscriberClient.CreateAsync(subscriptionName);
        // SubscriberClient runs your message handle function on multiple
        // threads to maximize throughput.
        int messageCount = 0;
        Task startTask = subscriber.StartAsync((PubsubMessage message, CancellationToken cancel) =>
        {
            string text = message.Data.ToStringUtf8();
            Console.WriteLine($"Message {message.MessageId}: {text}");
            Interlocked.Increment(ref messageCount);
            return Task.FromResult(acknowledge ? SubscriberClient.Reply.Ack : SubscriberClient.Reply.Nack);
        });
        // Run for 5 seconds.
        await Task.Delay(5000);
        await subscriber.StopAsync(CancellationToken.None);
        // Lets make sure that the start task finished successfully after the call to stop.
        await startTask;
        return messageCount;
    }
}

Go

L'exemple suivant utilise la version majeure de la bibliothèque cliente Go Pub/Sub (v2). Si vous utilisez toujours la bibliothèque v1, consultez le guide de migration vers la v2. Pour obtenir la liste des exemples de code v1, consultez les exemples de code obsolètes.

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Go dans le guide de démarrage rapide : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence de l'API Pub/Sub en langage Go.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2"
)

func pullMsgs(w io.Writer, projectID, subID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// subID := "my-sub"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// client.Subscriber can be passed a subscription ID (e.g. "my-sub") or
	// a fully qualified name (e.g. "projects/my-project/subscriptions/my-sub").
	// If a subscription ID is provided, the project ID from the client is used.
	sub := client.Subscriber(subID)

	// Receive messages for 10 seconds, which simplifies testing.
	// Comment this out in production, since `Receive` should
	// be used as a long running operation.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	var received int32
	err = sub.Receive(ctx, func(_ context.Context, msg *pubsub.Message) {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Got message: %q\n", string(msg.Data))
		atomic.AddInt32(&received, 1)
		msg.Ack()
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("sub.Receive: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Received %d messages\n", received)

	return nil
}

Java

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions d'installation dans le langage Java se trouvant sur la page Démarrage rapide : utiliser des bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence de l'API Pub/Sub en langage Java.


import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.AckReplyConsumer;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.MessageReceiver;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Subscriber;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class SubscribeAsyncExample {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";

    subscribeAsyncExample(projectId, subscriptionId);
  }

  public static void subscribeAsyncExample(String projectId, String subscriptionId) {
    ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName =
        ProjectSubscriptionName.of(projectId, subscriptionId);

    // Instantiate an asynchronous message receiver.
    MessageReceiver receiver =
        (PubsubMessage message, AckReplyConsumer consumer) -> {
          // Handle incoming message, then ack the received message.
          System.out.println("Id: " + message.getMessageId());
          System.out.println("Data: " + message.getData().toStringUtf8());
          consumer.ack();
        };

    Subscriber subscriber = null;
    try {
      subscriber = Subscriber.newBuilder(subscriptionName, receiver).build();
      // Start the subscriber.
      subscriber.startAsync().awaitRunning();
      System.out.printf("Listening for messages on %s:\n", subscriptionName.toString());
      // Allow the subscriber to run for 30s unless an unrecoverable error occurs.
      subscriber.awaitTerminated(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    } catch (TimeoutException timeoutException) {
      // Shut down the subscriber after 30s. Stop receiving messages.
      subscriber.stopAsync();
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions d'installation dans le langage Node.js qui se trouvent sur la page Démarrage rapide : utiliser des bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence de l'API Pub/Sub en langage Node.js.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';
// const timeout = 60;

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

function listenForMessages(subscriptionNameOrId, timeout) {
  // References an existing subscription; if you are unsure if the
  // subscription will exist, try the optimisticSubscribe sample.
  const subscription = pubSubClient.subscription(subscriptionNameOrId);

  // Create an event handler to handle messages
  let messageCount = 0;
  const messageHandler = message => {
    console.log(`Received message ${message.id}:`);
    console.log(`\tData: ${message.data}`);
    console.log(`\tAttributes: ${message.attributes}`);
    messageCount += 1;

    // "Ack" (acknowledge receipt of) the message
    message.ack();
  };

  // Listen for new messages until timeout is hit
  subscription.on('message', messageHandler);

  // Wait a while for the subscription to run. (Part of the sample only.)
  setTimeout(() => {
    subscription.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
    console.log(`${messageCount} message(s) received.`);
  }, timeout * 1000);
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';
// const timeout = 60;

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
import {PubSub, Message} from '@google-cloud/pubsub';

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

function listenForMessages(subscriptionNameOrId: string, timeout: number) {
  // References an existing subscription; if you are unsure if the
  // subscription will exist, try the optimisticSubscribe sample.
  const subscription = pubSubClient.subscription(subscriptionNameOrId);

  // Create an event handler to handle messages
  let messageCount = 0;
  const messageHandler = (message: Message) => {
    console.log(`Received message ${message.id}:`);
    console.log(`\tData: ${message.data}`);
    console.log(`\tAttributes: ${message.attributes}`);
    messageCount += 1;

    // "Ack" (acknowledge receipt of) the message
    message.ack();
  };

  // Listen for new messages until timeout is hit
  subscription.on('message', messageHandler);

  // Wait a while for the subscription to run. (Part of the sample only.)
  setTimeout(() => {
    subscription.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
    console.log(`${messageCount} message(s) received.`);
  }, timeout * 1000);
}

Python

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions d'installation dans le langage Python qui se trouvent sur la page Démarrage rapide : utiliser des bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence de l'API Pub/Sub en langage Python.

from concurrent.futures import TimeoutError
from google.cloud import pubsub_v1

# TODO(developer)
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"
# Number of seconds the subscriber should listen for messages
# timeout = 5.0

subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()
# The `subscription_path` method creates a fully qualified identifier
# in the form `projects/{project_id}/subscriptions/{subscription_id}`
subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project_id, subscription_id)

def callback(message: pubsub_v1.subscriber.message.Message) -> None:
    print(f"Received {message}.")
    message.ack()

streaming_pull_future = subscriber.subscribe(subscription_path, callback=callback)
print(f"Listening for messages on {subscription_path}..\n")

# Wrap subscriber in a 'with' block to automatically call close() when done.
with subscriber:
    try:
        # When `timeout` is not set, result() will block indefinitely,
        # unless an exception is encountered first.
        streaming_pull_future.result(timeout=timeout)
    except TimeoutError:
        streaming_pull_future.cancel()  # Trigger the shutdown.
        streaming_pull_future.result()  # Block until the shutdown is complete.

Ruby

L'exemple suivant utilise la bibliothèque cliente Ruby Pub/Sub v3. Si vous utilisez toujours la bibliothèque v2, consultez le guide de migration vers la v3. Pour obtenir la liste des exemples de code Ruby v2, consultez les exemples de code obsolètes.

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Ruby dans le guide de démarrage rapide : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence de l'API Pub/Sub en langage Ruby.

# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"

pubsub = Google::Cloud::PubSub.new
subscriber = pubsub.subscriber subscription_id

listener = subscriber.listen do |received_message|
  puts "Received message: #{received_message.data}"
  received_message.acknowledge!
end

listener.start
# Let the main thread sleep for 60 seconds so the thread for listening
# messages does not quit
sleep 60
listener.stop.wait!

Récupérer des attributs personnalisés à l'aide de la bibliothèque cliente de haut niveau

Les exemples suivants montrent comment extraire des messages de manière asynchrone et récupérer les attributs personnalisés à partir des métadonnées.

C++

namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
auto sample = [](pubsub::Subscriber subscriber) {
  return subscriber.Subscribe(
      [&](pubsub::Message const& m, pubsub::AckHandler h) {
        std::cout << "Received message with attributes:\n";
        for (auto& kv : m.attributes()) {
          std::cout << "  " << kv.first << ": " << kv.second << "\n";
        }
        std::move(h).ack();
        PleaseIgnoreThisSimplifiesTestingTheSamples();
      });
};

C#


using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class PullMessagesWithCustomAttributesAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<List<PubsubMessage>> PullMessagesWithCustomAttributesAsync(string projectId, string subscriptionId, bool acknowledge)
    {
        SubscriptionName subscriptionName = SubscriptionName.FromProjectSubscription(projectId, subscriptionId);

        SubscriberClient subscriber = await SubscriberClient.CreateAsync(subscriptionName);
        var messages = new List<PubsubMessage>();
        Task startTask = subscriber.StartAsync((PubsubMessage message, CancellationToken cancel) =>
        {
            messages.Add(message);
            string text = message.Data.ToStringUtf8();
            Console.WriteLine($"Message {message.MessageId}: {text}");
            if (message.Attributes != null)
            {
                foreach (var attribute in message.Attributes)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"{attribute.Key} = {attribute.Value}");
                }
            }
            return Task.FromResult(acknowledge ? SubscriberClient.Reply.Ack : SubscriberClient.Reply.Nack);
        });
        // Run for 7 seconds.
        await Task.Delay(7000);
        await subscriber.StopAsync(CancellationToken.None);
        // Lets make sure that the start task finished successfully after the call to stop.
        await startTask;
        return messages;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2"
)

func pullMsgsCustomAttributes(w io.Writer, projectID, subID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// subID := "my-sub"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// client.Subscriber can be passed a subscription ID (e.g. "my-sub") or
	// a fully qualified name (e.g. "projects/my-project/subscriptions/my-sub").
	// If a subscription ID is provided, the project ID from the client is used.
	sub := client.Subscriber(subID)

	// Receive messages for 10 seconds, which simplifies testing.
	// Comment this out in production, since `Receive` should
	// be used as a long running operation.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	// Receive blocks until the context is cancelled or an error occurs.
	err = sub.Receive(ctx, func(_ context.Context, msg *pubsub.Message) {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Got message :%q\n", string(msg.Data))
		fmt.Fprintln(w, "Attributes:")
		for key, value := range msg.Attributes {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s = %s\n", key, value)
		}
		msg.Ack()
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("sub.Receive: %w", err)
	}

	return nil
}

Java


import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.AckReplyConsumer;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.MessageReceiver;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Subscriber;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class SubscribeWithCustomAttributesExample {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";

    subscribeWithCustomAttributesExample(projectId, subscriptionId);
  }

  public static void subscribeWithCustomAttributesExample(String projectId, String subscriptionId) {
    ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName =
        ProjectSubscriptionName.of(projectId, subscriptionId);

    // Instantiate an asynchronous message receiver.
    MessageReceiver receiver =
        (PubsubMessage message, AckReplyConsumer consumer) -> {
          // Handle incoming message, then ack the received message.
          System.out.println("Id: " + message.getMessageId());
          System.out.println("Data: " + message.getData().toStringUtf8());
          // Print message attributes.
          message
              .getAttributesMap()
              .forEach((key, value) -> System.out.println(key + " = " + value));
          consumer.ack();
        };

    Subscriber subscriber = null;
    try {
      subscriber = Subscriber.newBuilder(subscriptionName, receiver).build();
      // Start the subscriber.
      subscriber.startAsync().awaitRunning();
      System.out.printf("Listening for messages on %s:\n", subscriptionName.toString());
      // Allow the subscriber to run for 30s unless an unrecoverable error occurs.
      subscriber.awaitTerminated(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    } catch (TimeoutException timeoutException) {
      // Shut down the subscriber after 30s. Stop receiving messages.
      subscriber.stopAsync();
    }
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';
// const timeout = 60;

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

async function listenWithCustomAttributes(subscriptionNameOrId, timeout) {
  // References an existing subscription, e.g. "my-subscription"
  const subscription = pubSubClient.subscription(subscriptionNameOrId);

  // Create an event handler to handle messages
  const messageHandler = message => {
    console.log(
      `Received message: id ${message.id}, data ${
        message.data
      }, attributes: ${JSON.stringify(message.attributes)}`,
    );

    // "Ack" (acknowledge receipt of) the message
    message.ack();
  };

  // Wait a while for the subscription to run. (Part of the sample only.)
  subscription.on('message', messageHandler);
  setTimeout(() => {
    subscription.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
  }, timeout * 1000);
}

Python

from concurrent.futures import TimeoutError
from google.cloud import pubsub_v1

# TODO(developer)
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"
# Number of seconds the subscriber should listen for messages
# timeout = 5.0

subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()
subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project_id, subscription_id)

def callback(message: pubsub_v1.subscriber.message.Message) -> None:
    print(f"Received {message.data!r}.")
    if message.attributes:
        print("Attributes:")
        for key in message.attributes:
            value = message.attributes.get(key)
            print(f"{key}: {value}")
    message.ack()

streaming_pull_future = subscriber.subscribe(subscription_path, callback=callback)
print(f"Listening for messages on {subscription_path}..\n")

# Wrap subscriber in a 'with' block to automatically call close() when done.
with subscriber:
    try:
        # When `timeout` is not set, result() will block indefinitely,
        # unless an exception is encountered first.
        streaming_pull_future.result(timeout=timeout)
    except TimeoutError:
        streaming_pull_future.cancel()  # Trigger the shutdown.
        streaming_pull_future.result()  # Block until the shutdown is complete.

Ruby

# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"

pubsub = Google::Cloud::PubSub.new
subscriber = pubsub.subscriber subscription_id

listener = subscriber.listen do |received_message|
  puts "Received message: #{received_message.data}"
  unless received_message.attributes.empty?
    puts "Attributes:"
    received_message.attributes.each do |key, value|
      puts "#{key}: #{value}"
    end
  end
  received_message.acknowledge!
end

listener.start
# Let the main thread sleep for 60 seconds so the thread for listening
# messages does not quit
sleep 60
listener.stop.wait!

Gérer les erreurs à l'aide de la bibliothèque cliente de haut niveau

Les exemples suivants montrent comment gérer les erreurs qui se produisent lors de l'abonnement à des messages.

C++

namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
using ::google::cloud::future;
auto sample = [](pubsub::Subscriber subscriber) {
  return subscriber
      .Subscribe([&](pubsub::Message const& m, pubsub::AckHandler h) {
        std::cout << "Received message " << m << "\n";
        std::move(h).ack();
        PleaseIgnoreThisSimplifiesTestingTheSamples();
      })
      // Setup an error handler for the subscription session
      .then([](future<google::cloud::Status> f) {
        std::cout << "Subscription session result: " << f.get() << "\n";
      });
};

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2"
)

func pullMsgsError(w io.Writer, projectID, subID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// subID := "my-sub"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// If the service returns a non-retryable error, Receive returns that error after
	// all of the outstanding calls to the handler have returned.
	// client.Subscriber can be passed a subscription ID (e.g. "my-sub") or
	// a fully qualified name (e.g. "projects/my-project/subscriptions/my-sub").
	// If a subscription ID is provided, the project ID from the client is used.
	sub := client.Subscriber(subID)
	err = sub.Receive(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, msg *pubsub.Message) {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Got message: %q\n", string(msg.Data))
		msg.Ack()
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Receive: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

Java


import com.google.api.gax.core.ExecutorProvider;
import com.google.api.gax.core.InstantiatingExecutorProvider;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.AckReplyConsumer;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.MessageReceiver;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Subscriber;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class SubscribeWithErrorListenerExample {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";

    subscribeWithErrorListenerExample(projectId, subscriptionId);
  }

  public static void subscribeWithErrorListenerExample(String projectId, String subscriptionId) {
    ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName =
        ProjectSubscriptionName.of(projectId, subscriptionId);

    // Instantiate an asynchronous message receiver.
    MessageReceiver receiver =
        (PubsubMessage message, AckReplyConsumer consumer) -> {
          // Handle incoming message, then ack the received message.
          System.out.println("Id: " + message.getMessageId());
          System.out.println("Data: " + message.getData().toStringUtf8());
          consumer.ack();
        };

    Subscriber subscriber = null;
    try {
      // Provides an executor service for processing messages.
      ExecutorProvider executorProvider =
          InstantiatingExecutorProvider.newBuilder().setExecutorThreadCount(4).build();

      subscriber =
          Subscriber.newBuilder(subscriptionName, receiver)
              .setExecutorProvider(executorProvider)
              .build();

      // Listen for unrecoverable failures.
      subscriber.addListener(
          new Subscriber.Listener() {
            public void failed(Subscriber.State from, Throwable failure) {
              System.out.println("Unrecoverable subscriber failure:" + failure.getStackTrace());
            }
          },
          MoreExecutors.directExecutor());

      // Start the subscriber.
      subscriber.startAsync().awaitRunning();
      System.out.printf("Listening for messages on %s:\n", subscriptionName.toString());
      // Allow the subscriber to run for 30s unless an unrecoverable error occurs.
      subscriber.awaitTerminated(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    } catch (TimeoutException timeoutException) {
      // Shut down the subscriber after 30s. Stop receiving messages.
      subscriber.stopAsync();
    }
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';
// const timeout = 10;

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

function listenForErrors(subscriptionNameOrId, timeout) {
  // References an existing subscription
  const subscription = pubSubClient.subscription(subscriptionNameOrId);

  // Create an event handler to handle messages
  const messageHandler = message => {
    // Do something with the message
    console.log(`Message: ${message}`);

    // "Ack" (acknowledge receipt of) the message
    message.ack();
  };

  // Create an event handler to handle errors
  const errorHandler = error => {
    // Do something with the error
    console.error(`ERROR: ${error}`);
    throw error;
  };

  // Listen for new messages/errors until timeout is hit
  subscription.on('message', messageHandler);
  subscription.on('error', errorHandler);

  // Wait a while for the subscription to run. (Part of the sample only.)
  setTimeout(() => {
    subscription.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
    subscription.removeListener('error', errorHandler);
  }, timeout * 1000);
}

Python

from google.cloud import pubsub_v1

# TODO(developer)
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"
# Number of seconds the subscriber should listen for messages
# timeout = 5.0

subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()
subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project_id, subscription_id)

def callback(message: pubsub_v1.subscriber.message.Message) -> None:
    print(f"Received {message}.")
    message.ack()

streaming_pull_future = subscriber.subscribe(subscription_path, callback=callback)
print(f"Listening for messages on {subscription_path}..\n")

# Wrap subscriber in a 'with' block to automatically call close() when done.
with subscriber:
    # When `timeout` is not set, result() will block indefinitely,
    # unless an exception is encountered first.
    try:
        streaming_pull_future.result(timeout=timeout)
    except Exception as e:
        print(
            f"Listening for messages on {subscription_path} threw an exception: {e}."
        )
        streaming_pull_future.cancel()  # Trigger the shutdown.
        streaming_pull_future.result()  # Block until the shutdown is complete.

Ruby

# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"

pubsub = Google::Cloud::PubSub.new
subscriber = pubsub.subscriber subscription_id

listener = subscriber.listen do |received_message|
  puts "Received message: #{received_message.data}"
  received_message.acknowledge!
end

# Propagate exception from child threads to the main thread as soon as it is
# raised. Exceptions happened in the callback thread are collected in the
# callback thread pool and do not propagate to the main thread
Thread.abort_on_exception = true

begin
  listener.start
  # Let the main thread sleep for 60 seconds so the thread for listening
  # messages does not quit
  sleep 60
  listener.stop.wait!
rescue StandardError => e
  puts "Exception #{e.inspect}: #{e.message}"
  raise "Stopped listening for messages."
end

Rust

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Rust dans le guide de démarrage rapide : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence de l'API Pub/Sub Rust.

use google_cloud_pubsub::client::Subscriber;
use std::time::Duration;

pub async fn sample(project_id: &str, subscription_id: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let subscription_name = format!("projects/{project_id}/subscriptions/{subscription_id}");
    let client = Subscriber::builder().build().await?;
    let mut stream = client.subscribe(subscription_name).build();

    // Terminate the example after 10 seconds.
    let shutdown_token = stream.shutdown_token();
    let shutdown = tokio::spawn(async move {
        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)).await;
        shutdown_token.shutdown().await;
    });

    println!("listening for messages...");

    while let Some((m, h)) = stream
        .next()
        .await
        .transpose()
        .inspect_err(|e| println!("error receiving messages: {e:?}"))?
    {
        println!("received message: {m:?}");
        h.ack();
    }
    shutdown.await?;

    println!("done listening for messages");
    Ok(())
}

Extraction unaire

Pour utiliser l'API Unary, vous pouvez utiliser la console Google Cloud , Google Cloud CLI ou une bibliothèque cliente.

Remarques

Pub/Sub transmet une liste de messages. Si la liste contient plusieurs messages, Pub/Sub les trie en fonction de la même clé de tri. Voici quelques points importants à retenir :

Définir une valeur pour max_messages dans la requête ne garantit pas que max_messages seront renvoyés, même s'il y a autant de messages dans le backlog. L'API Pull Pub/Sub peut renvoyer moins de max_messages messages afin de réduire la latence de distribution des messages qui sont prêts à être distribués.
Une réponse pull qui contient 0 message ne doit pas être utilisée comme indicateur de l'absence de messages en attente. Il est possible d'obtenir une réponse avec 0 message, puis d'envoyer une requête ultérieure qui renvoie des messages.

Console

Dans la console Google Cloud , accédez à la page Abonnements Pub/Sub.

Accéder aux abonnements
Cliquez sur le nom de l'abonnement à partir duquel vous souhaitez extraire les données.
Dans l'onglet Messages, cliquez sur Extraire.

Les messages que vous avez publiés dans cet abonnement et l'heure à laquelle ils ont été publiés devraient s'afficher.

Lorsque vous utilisez la console Google Cloud avec un abonnement à faible volume, il est possible qu'une demande d'extraction ne renvoie aucun message. En effet, la console utilise l'extraction unaire, qui n'assure pas une faible latence ni un haut débit de messages. Si aucun message ne s'affiche, lancez une nouvelle demande d'extraction lorsque des messages sont disponibles.

gcloud

Pour extraire un message d'un abonnement, exécutez la commande gcloud pubsub subscriptions pull. gcloud CLI affiche le message dans la ligne de commande.

gcloud pubsub subscriptions pull SUBSCRIPTION_NAME --auto-ack

Remplacez :

SUBSCRIPTION_NAME : nom de l'abonnement à partir duquel vous souhaitez extraire les messages.

Bibliothèques clientes

Voici un exemple de code pour extraire et confirmer la réception d'un nombre fixe de messages.

C++

[](google::cloud::pubsub::Subscriber subscriber) {
  auto response = subscriber.Pull();
  if (!response) throw std::move(response).status();
  std::cout << "Received message " << response->message << "\n";
  std::move(response->handler).ack();
}

C#


using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using Grpc.Core;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;

public class PullMessagesSyncSample
{
    public int PullMessagesSync(string projectId, string subscriptionId, bool acknowledge)
    {
        SubscriptionName subscriptionName = SubscriptionName.FromProjectSubscription(projectId, subscriptionId);
        SubscriberServiceApiClient subscriberClient = SubscriberServiceApiClient.Create();
        int messageCount = 0;
        try
        {
            // Pull messages from server,
            // allowing an immediate response if there are no messages.
            PullResponse response = subscriberClient.Pull(subscriptionName, maxMessages: 20);
            // Print out each received message.
            foreach (ReceivedMessage msg in response.ReceivedMessages)
            {
                string text = msg.Message.Data.ToStringUtf8();
                Console.WriteLine($"Message {msg.Message.MessageId}: {text}");
                Interlocked.Increment(ref messageCount);
            }
            // If acknowledgement required, send to server.
            if (acknowledge && messageCount > 0)
            {
                subscriberClient.Acknowledge(subscriptionName, response.ReceivedMessages.Select(msg => msg.AckId));
            }
        }
        catch (RpcException ex) when (ex.Status.StatusCode == StatusCode.Unavailable)
        {
            // UNAVAILABLE due to too many concurrent pull requests pending for the given subscription.
        }
        return messageCount;
    }
}

Java


import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.stub.GrpcSubscriberStub;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.stub.SubscriberStub;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.stub.SubscriberStubSettings;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.AcknowledgeRequest;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PullRequest;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PullResponse;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ReceivedMessage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class SubscribeSyncExample {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";
    Integer numOfMessages = 10;

    subscribeSyncExample(projectId, subscriptionId, numOfMessages);
  }

  public static void subscribeSyncExample(
      String projectId, String subscriptionId, Integer numOfMessages) throws IOException {
    SubscriberStubSettings subscriberStubSettings =
        SubscriberStubSettings.newBuilder()
            .setTransportChannelProvider(
                SubscriberStubSettings.defaultGrpcTransportProviderBuilder()
                    .setMaxInboundMessageSize(20 * 1024 * 1024) // 20MB (maximum message size).
                    .build())
            .build();

    try (SubscriberStub subscriber = GrpcSubscriberStub.create(subscriberStubSettings)) {
      String subscriptionName = ProjectSubscriptionName.format(projectId, subscriptionId);
      PullRequest pullRequest =
          PullRequest.newBuilder()
              .setMaxMessages(numOfMessages)
              .setSubscription(subscriptionName)
              .build();

      // Use pullCallable().futureCall to asynchronously perform this operation.
      PullResponse pullResponse = subscriber.pullCallable().call(pullRequest);

      // Stop the program if the pull response is empty to avoid acknowledging
      // an empty list of ack IDs.
      if (pullResponse.getReceivedMessagesList().isEmpty()) {
        System.out.println("No message was pulled. Exiting.");
        return;
      }

      List<String> ackIds = new ArrayList<>();
      for (ReceivedMessage message : pullResponse.getReceivedMessagesList()) {
        // Handle received message
        // ...
        ackIds.add(message.getAckId());
      }

      // Acknowledge received messages.
      AcknowledgeRequest acknowledgeRequest =
          AcknowledgeRequest.newBuilder()
              .setSubscription(subscriptionName)
              .addAllAckIds(ackIds)
              .build();

      // Use acknowledgeCallable().futureCall to asynchronously perform this operation.
      subscriber.acknowledgeCallable().call(acknowledgeRequest);
      System.out.println(pullResponse.getReceivedMessagesList());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library. v1 is for the lower level
// proto access.
const {v1} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use.
const subClient = new v1.SubscriberClient();

async function synchronousPull(projectId, subscriptionNameOrId) {
  // The low level API client requires a name only.
  const formattedSubscription =
    subscriptionNameOrId.indexOf('/') >= 0
      ? subscriptionNameOrId
      : subClient.subscriptionPath(projectId, subscriptionNameOrId);

  // The maximum number of messages returned for this request.
  // Pub/Sub may return fewer than the number specified.
  const request = {
    subscription: formattedSubscription,
    maxMessages: 10,
  };

  // The subscriber pulls a specified number of messages.
  const [response] = await subClient.pull(request);

  // Process the messages.
  const ackIds = [];
  for (const message of response.receivedMessages || []) {
    console.log(`Received message: ${message.message.data}`);
    if (message.ackId) {
      ackIds.push(message.ackId);
    }
  }

  if (ackIds.length !== 0) {
    // Acknowledge all of the messages. You could also acknowledge
    // these individually, but this is more efficient.
    const ackRequest = {
      subscription: formattedSubscription,
      ackIds: ackIds,
    };

    await subClient.acknowledge(ackRequest);
  }

  console.log('Done.');
}

PHP

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions d'installation dans le langage PHP qui se trouvent sur la page Démarrage rapide : utiliser des bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence de l'API Pub/Sub en langage PHP.

use Google\Cloud\PubSub\PubSubClient;

/**
 * Pulls all Pub/Sub messages for a subscription.
 *
 * @param string $projectId  The Google project ID.
 * @param string $subscriptionName  The Pub/Sub subscription name.
 */
function pull_messages($projectId, $subscriptionName)
{
    $pubsub = new PubSubClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);
    $subscription = $pubsub->subscription($subscriptionName);
    foreach ($subscription->pull() as $message) {
        printf('Message: %s' . PHP_EOL, $message->data());
        // Acknowledge the Pub/Sub message has been received, so it will not be pulled multiple times.
        $subscription->acknowledge($message);
    }
}

Ruby

# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"

pubsub = Google::Cloud::PubSub.new
subscriber = pubsub.subscriber subscription_id

subscriber.pull(immediate: false).each do |message|
  puts "Message pulled: #{message.data}"
  message.acknowledge!
end

Protocole

Requête :

POST https://pubsub.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject/subscriptions/mysubscription:pull

{
  "returnImmediately": "false",
  "maxMessages": "1"
}

Réponse :

200 OK

{
  "receivedMessages": [{
    "ackId": "dQNNHlAbEGEIBERNK0EPKVgUWQYyODM2LwgRHFEZDDsLRk1SK...",
    "message": {
      "data": "SGVsbG8gQ2xvdWQgUHViL1N1YiEgSGVyZSBpcyBteSBtZXNzYWdlIQ==",
      "messageId": "19917247034"
    }
  }]
}

Requête :

POST https://pubsub.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject/subscriptions/mysubscription:acknowledge

{
  "ackIds": [
    "dQNNHlAbEGEIBERNK0EPKVgUWQYyODM2LwgRHFEZDDsLRk1SK..."
  ]
}

Python

from google.api_core import retry
from google.cloud import pubsub_v1

# TODO(developer)
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"

subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()
subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project_id, subscription_id)

NUM_MESSAGES = 3

# Wrap the subscriber in a 'with' block to automatically call close() to
# close the underlying gRPC channel when done.
with subscriber:
    # The subscriber pulls a specific number of messages. The actual
    # number of messages pulled may be smaller than max_messages.
    response = subscriber.pull(
        request={"subscription": subscription_path, "max_messages": NUM_MESSAGES},
        retry=retry.Retry(deadline=300),
    )

    if len(response.received_messages) == 0:
        return

    ack_ids = []
    for received_message in response.received_messages:
        print(f"Received: {received_message.message.data}.")
        ack_ids.append(received_message.ack_id)

    # Acknowledges the received messages so they will not be sent again.
    subscriber.acknowledge(
        request={"subscription": subscription_path, "ack_ids": ack_ids}
    )

    print(
        f"Received and acknowledged {len(response.received_messages)} messages from {subscription_path}."
    )

Étapes suivantes

Créez ou modifiez un abonnement à l'aide des commandes gcloud.
Créez ou modifiez un abonnement avec les API REST.
Créez ou modifiez un abonnement avec les API RPC.

Recevoir des messages d'un abonnement pull Restez organisé à l'aide des collections Enregistrez et classez les contenus selon vos préférences.

Avant de commencer

Rôles et autorisations nécessaires

Extraire un message d'un abonnement

API StreamingPull

Exemples de code StreamingPull et de bibliothèque cliente de haut niveau

C++

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

Node.js

Python

Ruby

Récupérer des attributs personnalisés à l'aide de la bibliothèque cliente de haut niveau

C++

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

Python

Ruby

Gérer les erreurs à l'aide de la bibliothèque cliente de haut niveau

C++

Go

Java

Node.js

Python

Ruby

Rust

Extraction unaire

Remarques

Console

gcloud

Bibliothèques clientes

C++

C#

Java

Node.js

PHP

Ruby

Protocole

Python

Étapes suivantes

Recevoir des messages d'un abonnement pull