此页面由 Cloud Translation API 翻译。

死信主题

订阅者可能因各种原因而无法处理消息。例如，在检索处理消息所需的数据时，可能会出现暂时性问题。或者，消息的格式可能不是订阅者所期望的。

为了管理订阅者无法确认的无法传送的消息，Pub/Sub 可以将这些消息转发到死信主题（也称为死信队列）。

准备工作

为死信主题配置创建主题。

或者，如果您按照本页上的所有说明从头到尾操作，则可以在后续步骤中创建主题。

所需的角色

如需获得管理主题和订阅所需的权限，请让您的管理员为您授予项目的 Pub/Sub Editor (roles/pubsub.editor) IAM 角色。如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限。

您也可以通过自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取所需的权限。

您可以在项目级层和个别资源级层配置访问权限控制。您可以在一个项目中创建订阅，并将其附加到位于另一个项目中的主题。确保您拥有每个项目的必需权限。

死信主题的运作方式

如果订阅者应用无法确认消息，Pub/Sub 会重试传送，直到确认时限到期或消息过期。在尝试传送消息的次数达到大致配置的次数后，Pub/Sub 可以将无法传送的消息转发到死信主题。

当 Pub/Sub 转发无法传送的消息时，它会将原始消息封装在新消息中，并添加用于标识源订阅的属性。然后，该消息会被发送到指定的死信主题。附加到死信主题的单独订阅随后可以接收这些转发的消息，以进行分析和离线调试。

传送尝试次数上限的计算方式

仅当死信主题配置正确且包含正确的 IAM 权限时，Pub/Sub 才会统计传送尝试次数。

传送尝试次数上限是近似值，因为 Pub/Sub 会尽力转发无法传送的消息。该服务可能会在尝试次数少于配置的次数后转发消息，也可能会在转发之前再尝试传送几次。

消息的跟踪传送尝试次数也可能会重置为零，尤其是对于具有不活跃订阅者的拉取订阅。因此，消息传送给订阅者客户端的次数可能会超过配置的传送尝试次数上限。

死信主题属性

您可以为死信主题设置以下订阅属性。

传送尝试次数上限：一个数值，表示 Pub/Sub 为特定消息进行的传送尝试次数。如果订阅者客户端在配置的传送尝试次数内无法确认消息，则该消息会被转发到死信主题。
- 默认值 = 5
- 最大值 = 100
- 最小值 = 5
含有死信主题的项目：如果死信主题与订阅位于不同项目中，则您必须指定含有死信主题的项目。将死信主题设置为与订阅附加到的主题不同的主题。

配置死信主题

以下步骤描述了使用死信主题的工作流。

创建一个主题（用作死信主题）。
为死信主题创建订阅。
为您的订阅启用死信。
将您之前创建的主题附加到订阅。
向您的 Pub/Sub 服务账号授予使用死信主题所需的角色。

创建要与死信主题搭配使用的主题

如果您已创建要用于订阅的主题，则可以跳过此步骤。

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往主题页面。

打开“主题”。
点击创建主题。
输入主题 ID，例如 my-test-topic。
保留默认订阅选项，然后点击创建。

为订阅设置死信主题

您可以为新订阅或现有订阅设置死信主题。

为新订阅设置死信主题

您可以使用Google Cloud 控制台、Google Cloud CLI、客户端库或 Pub/Sub API 创建订阅并设置死信主题。

控制台

如需创建订阅并设置死信主题，请完成以下步骤：

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往订阅页面。

前往订阅页面。
点击创建订阅。
输入订阅 ID。
选择您要用于订阅的主题。订阅将接收来自该主题的消息。这不是您的死信主题。您将在下一步中选择此选项。
在死信部分，选择启用死信。
从下拉菜单中选择死信主题。

如果所选的死信主题没有订阅，系统会提示您创建一个订阅。
在最大传送尝试次数字段中，指定一个 5 到 100 之间的整数。
点击创建。
点击“详细信息”面板，以确定任何可能的操作项。如果任何项目显示错误图标，请点击相应操作项以解决问题。

gcloud

如需创建订阅并设置死信主题，请使用 gcloud pubsub subscriptions create 命令：

gcloud pubsub subscriptions create subscription-id \
  --topic=topic-id \
  --dead-letter-topic=dead-letter-topic-name \
  [--max-delivery-attempts=max-delivery-attempts] \
  [--dead-letter-topic-project=dead-letter-topic-project]

C++

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 C++ 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub C++ API 参考文档。

namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
namespace pubsub_admin = ::google::cloud::pubsub_admin;
[](pubsub_admin::SubscriptionAdminClient client,
   std::string const& project_id, std::string const& topic_id,
   std::string const& subscription_id,
   std::string const& dead_letter_topic_id,
   int dead_letter_delivery_attempts) {
  google::pubsub::v1::Subscription request;
  request.set_name(
      pubsub::Subscription(project_id, subscription_id).FullName());
  request.set_topic(pubsub::Topic(project_id, topic_id).FullName());
  request.mutable_dead_letter_policy()->set_dead_letter_topic(
      pubsub::Topic(project_id, dead_letter_topic_id).FullName());
  request.mutable_dead_letter_policy()->set_max_delivery_attempts(
      dead_letter_delivery_attempts);
  auto sub = client.CreateSubscription(request);
  if (sub.status().code() == google::cloud::StatusCode::kAlreadyExists) {
    std::cout << "The subscription already exists\n";
    return;
  }
  if (!sub) throw std::move(sub).status();

  std::cout << "The subscription was successfully created: "
            << sub->DebugString() << "\n";

  std::cout << "It will forward dead letter messages to: "
            << sub->dead_letter_policy().dead_letter_topic() << "\n";

  std::cout << "After " << sub->dead_letter_policy().max_delivery_attempts()
            << " delivery attempts.\n";
}

C#

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 C# 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub C# API 参考文档。


using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using System;

public class CreateSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicySample
{
    public Subscription CreateSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicy(string projectId, string topicId, string subscriptionId, string deadLetterTopicId)
    {
        SubscriberServiceApiClient subscriber = SubscriberServiceApiClient.Create();
        // This is the subscription you want to create with a dead letter policy.
        var subscriptionName = SubscriptionName.FromProjectSubscription(projectId, subscriptionId);
        // This is an existing topic that you want to attach the subscription with dead letter policy to.
        var topicName = TopicName.FromProjectTopic(projectId, topicId);
        // This is an existing topic that the subscription with dead letter policy forwards dead letter messages to.
        var deadLetterTopic = TopicName.FromProjectTopic(projectId, deadLetterTopicId).ToString();
        var subscriptionRequest = new Subscription
        {
            SubscriptionName = subscriptionName,
            TopicAsTopicName = topicName,
            DeadLetterPolicy = new DeadLetterPolicy
            {
                DeadLetterTopic = deadLetterTopic,
                // The maximum number of times that the service attempts to deliver a
                // message before forwarding it to the dead letter topic. Must be [5-100].
                MaxDeliveryAttempts = 10
            },
            AckDeadlineSeconds = 30
        };

        var subscription = subscriber.CreateSubscription(subscriptionRequest);
        Console.WriteLine("Created subscription: " + subscription.SubscriptionName.SubscriptionId);
        Console.WriteLine($"It will forward dead letter messages to: {subscription.DeadLetterPolicy.DeadLetterTopic}");
        Console.WriteLine($"After {subscription.DeadLetterPolicy.MaxDeliveryAttempts} delivery attempts.");
        // Remember to attach a subscription to the dead letter topic because
        // messages published to a topic with no subscriptions are lost.
        return subscription;
    }
}

Go

以下示例使用 Go Pub/Sub 客户端库的主要版本 (v2)。如果您仍在使用 v1 库，请参阅迁移到 v2 的指南。如需查看 v1 代码示例的列表，请参阅已弃用的代码示例。

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Go 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Go API 参考文档。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2"
	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2/apiv1/pubsubpb"
)

// createSubWithDeadLetter creates a subscription with a dead letter policy.
func createSubWithDeadLetter(w io.Writer, projectID, topic, subscription, fullyQualifiedDeadLetterTopic string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// topic := "projects/my-project-id/topics/my-topic"
	// subscription := "projects/my-project-id/subscriptions/my-sub"
	// fullyQualifiedDeadLetterTopic := "projects/my-project-id/topics/my-dead-letter-topic"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	_, err = client.SubscriptionAdminClient.CreateSubscription(ctx, &pubsubpb.Subscription{
		Name:  subscription,
		Topic: topic,
		DeadLetterPolicy: &pubsubpb.DeadLetterPolicy{
			DeadLetterTopic:     fullyQualifiedDeadLetterTopic,
			MaxDeliveryAttempts: 10,
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("CreateSubscription: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created subscription with dead letter topic: (%s)\n", fullyQualifiedDeadLetterTopic)
	fmt.Fprintln(w, "To process dead letter messages, remember to add a subscription to your dead letter topic.")
	return nil
}

Java

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Java 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Java API 参考文档。

import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.SubscriptionAdminClient;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.DeadLetterPolicy;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectTopicName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.Subscription;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicyExample {

  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    // This is the subscription you want to create with a dead letter policy.
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";
    // This is an existing topic that you want to attach the subscription with dead letter policy
    // to.
    String topicId = "your-topic-id";
    // This is an existing topic that the subscription with dead letter policy forwards dead letter
    // messages to.
    String deadLetterTopicId = "your-dead-letter-topic-id";

    CreateSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicyExample.createSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicyExample(
        projectId, subscriptionId, topicId, deadLetterTopicId);
  }

  public static void createSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicyExample(
      String projectId, String subscriptionId, String topicId, String deadLetterTopicId)
      throws IOException {
    try (SubscriptionAdminClient subscriptionAdminClient = SubscriptionAdminClient.create()) {

      ProjectTopicName topicName = ProjectTopicName.of(projectId, topicId);
      ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName =
          ProjectSubscriptionName.of(projectId, subscriptionId);
      ProjectTopicName deadLetterTopicName = ProjectTopicName.of(projectId, deadLetterTopicId);

      DeadLetterPolicy deadLetterPolicy =
          DeadLetterPolicy.newBuilder()
              .setDeadLetterTopic(deadLetterTopicName.toString())
              // The maximum number of times that the service attempts to deliver a
              // message before forwarding it to the dead letter topic. Must be [5-100].
              .setMaxDeliveryAttempts(10)
              .build();

      Subscription request =
          Subscription.newBuilder()
              .setName(subscriptionName.toString())
              .setTopic(topicName.toString())
              .setDeadLetterPolicy(deadLetterPolicy)
              .build();

      Subscription subscription = subscriptionAdminClient.createSubscription(request);

      System.out.println("Created subscription: " + subscription.getName());
      System.out.println(
          "It will forward dead letter messages to: "
              + subscription.getDeadLetterPolicy().getDeadLetterTopic());
      System.out.println(
          "After "
              + subscription.getDeadLetterPolicy().getMaxDeliveryAttempts()
              + " delivery attempts.");
      // Remember to attach a subscription to the dead letter topic because
      // messages published to a topic with no subscriptions are lost.
    }
  }
}

Node.js

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Node.js 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Node.js API 参考文档。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';
// const deadLetterTopicNameOrId = 'YOUR_DEAD_LETTER_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

async function createSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicy(
  topicNameOrId,
  subscriptionNameOrId,
  deadLetterTopicNameOrId,
) {
  // Creates a new subscription
  const options = {
    deadLetterPolicy: {
      deadLetterTopic: pubSubClient.topic(deadLetterTopicNameOrId).name,
      maxDeliveryAttempts: 10,
    },
  };
  await pubSubClient
    .topic(topicNameOrId)
    .createSubscription(subscriptionNameOrId, options);
  console.log(
    `Created subscription ${subscriptionNameOrId} with dead letter topic ${deadLetterTopicNameOrId}.`,
  );
  console.log(
    'To process dead letter messages, remember to add a subscription to your dead letter topic.',
  );
}

Node.js

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Node.js 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Node.js API 参考文档。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';
// const deadLetterTopicNameOrId = 'YOUR_DEAD_LETTER_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
import {PubSub, CreateSubscriptionOptions} from '@google-cloud/pubsub';

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

async function createSubscriptionWithDeadLetterPolicy(
  topicNameOrId: string,
  subscriptionNameOrId: string,
  deadLetterTopicNameOrId: string,
) {
  // Creates a new subscription
  const options: CreateSubscriptionOptions = {
    deadLetterPolicy: {
      deadLetterTopic: pubSubClient.topic(deadLetterTopicNameOrId).name,
      maxDeliveryAttempts: 10,
    },
  };
  await pubSubClient
    .topic(topicNameOrId)
    .createSubscription(subscriptionNameOrId, options);
  console.log(
    `Created subscription ${subscriptionNameOrId} with dead letter topic ${deadLetterTopicNameOrId}.`,
  );
  console.log(
    'To process dead letter messages, remember to add a subscription to your dead letter topic.',
  );
}

PHP

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 PHP 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub PHP API 参考文档。

use Google\Cloud\PubSub\PubSubClient;

/**
 * Creates a Pub/Sub subscription with dead letter policy enabled.
 *
 * @param string $projectId  The Google project ID.
 * @param string $topicName  The Pub/Sub topic name.
 * @param string $subscriptionName  The Pub/Sub subscription name.
 * @param string $deadLetterTopicName The Pub/Sub topic to use for dead letter policy.
 */
function dead_letter_create_subscription($projectId, $topicName, $subscriptionName, $deadLetterTopicName)
{
    $pubsub = new PubSubClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $topic = $pubsub->topic($topicName);
    $deadLetterTopic = $pubsub->topic($deadLetterTopicName);

    $subscription = $topic->subscribe($subscriptionName, [
        'deadLetterPolicy' => [
            'deadLetterTopic' => $deadLetterTopic
        ]
    ]);

    printf(
        'Subscription %s created with dead letter topic %s' . PHP_EOL,
        $subscription->name(),
        $deadLetterTopic->name()
    );
}

Python

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Python 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Python API 参考文档。

from google.cloud import pubsub_v1
from google.cloud.pubsub_v1.types import DeadLetterPolicy

# TODO(developer)
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# endpoint = "https://my-test-project.appspot.com/push"
# TODO(developer): This is an existing topic that the subscription
# with dead letter policy is attached to.
# topic_id = "your-topic-id"
# TODO(developer): This is an existing subscription with a dead letter policy.
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"
# TODO(developer): This is an existing dead letter topic that the subscription
# with dead letter policy will forward dead letter messages to.
# dead_letter_topic_id = "your-dead-letter-topic-id"
# TODO(developer): This is the maximum number of delivery attempts allowed
# for a message before it gets delivered to a dead letter topic.
# max_delivery_attempts = 5

publisher = pubsub_v1.PublisherClient()
subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()

topic_path = publisher.topic_path(project_id, topic_id)
subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project_id, subscription_id)
dead_letter_topic_path = publisher.topic_path(project_id, dead_letter_topic_id)

dead_letter_policy = DeadLetterPolicy(
    dead_letter_topic=dead_letter_topic_path,
    max_delivery_attempts=max_delivery_attempts,
)

with subscriber:
    request = {
        "name": subscription_path,
        "topic": topic_path,
        "dead_letter_policy": dead_letter_policy,
    }
    subscription = subscriber.create_subscription(request)

print(f"Subscription created: {subscription.name}")
print(
    f"It will forward dead letter messages to: {subscription.dead_letter_policy.dead_letter_topic}."
)
print(
    f"After {subscription.dead_letter_policy.max_delivery_attempts} delivery attempts."
)

Ruby

以下示例使用 Ruby Pub/Sub 客户端库 v3。如果您仍在使用 v2 库，请参阅迁移到 v3 的指南。如需查看 Ruby v2 代码示例的列表，请参阅已弃用的代码示例。

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Ruby 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Ruby API 参考文档。

Ruby

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《Pub/Sub 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Ruby 设置说明执行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Pub/Sub 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

# topic_id             = "your-topic-id"
# subscription_id      = "your-subscription-id"
# dead_letter_topic_id = "your-dead-letter-topic-id"

pubsub = Google::Cloud::PubSub.new
subscription_admin = pubsub.subscription_admin

subscription = subscription_admin.create_subscription \
  name: pubsub.subscription_path(subscription_id),
  topic: pubsub.topic_path(topic_id),
  dead_letter_policy: {
    dead_letter_topic: pubsub.topic_path(dead_letter_topic_id),
    max_delivery_attempts: 10
  }

puts "Created subscription #{subscription_id} with dead letter topic " \
     "#{dead_letter_topic_id}."
puts "To process dead letter messages, remember to add a subscription to " \
     "your dead letter topic."

为现有订阅设置死信主题

您可以使用Google Cloud 控制台、gcloud CLI、客户端库或 Pub/Sub API 更新订阅并设置死信主题。

控制台

如需更新订阅并设置死信主题，请完成以下步骤。

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往订阅页面。

前往订阅页面。
在要更新的订阅旁边，点击更多操作。
在上下文菜单中，选择编辑。
在死信部分，选择启用死信。
从下拉菜单中选择死信主题。

如果所选的死信主题没有订阅，系统会提示您创建一个订阅。
在最大传送尝试次数字段中，指定一个 5 到 100 之间的整数。
点击更新。
点击“详细信息”面板，以确定任何可能的操作项。如果任何项目显示错误图标，请点击相应操作项以解决问题。

gcloud

如需更新订阅并设置死信主题，请使用 gcloud pubsub subscriptions update 命令：

gcloud pubsub subscriptions update subscription-id \
  --dead-letter-topic=dead-letter-topic-name \
  [--max-delivery-attempts=max-delivery-attempts] \
  [--dead-letter-topic-project=dead-letter-topic-project]

C++

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 C++ 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub C++ API 参考文档。

namespace pubsub_admin = ::google::cloud::pubsub_admin;
namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
[](pubsub_admin::SubscriptionAdminClient client,
   std::string const& project_id, std::string const& subscription_id,
   std::string const& dead_letter_topic_id,
   int dead_letter_delivery_attempts) {
  google::pubsub::v1::UpdateSubscriptionRequest request;
  request.mutable_subscription()->set_name(
      pubsub::Subscription(project_id, subscription_id).FullName());
  request.mutable_subscription()
      ->mutable_dead_letter_policy()
      ->set_dead_letter_topic(
          pubsub::Topic(project_id, dead_letter_topic_id).FullName());
  request.mutable_subscription()
      ->mutable_dead_letter_policy()
      ->set_max_delivery_attempts(dead_letter_delivery_attempts);
  *request.mutable_update_mask()->add_paths() = "dead_letter_policy";
  auto sub = client.UpdateSubscription(request);
  if (!sub) throw std::move(sub).status();

  std::cout << "The subscription has been updated to: " << sub->DebugString()
            << "\n";

  std::cout << "It will forward dead letter messages to: "
            << sub->dead_letter_policy().dead_letter_topic() << "\n";

  std::cout << "After " << sub->dead_letter_policy().max_delivery_attempts()
            << " delivery attempts.\n";
}

C#

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 C# 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub C# API 参考文档。


using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;

public class UpdateDeadLetterPolicySample
{
    public Subscription UpdateDeadLetterPolicy(string projectId, string topicId, string subscriptionId, string deadLetterTopicId)
    {
        SubscriberServiceApiClient subscriber = SubscriberServiceApiClient.Create();
        // This is an existing topic that the subscription with dead letter policy is attached to.
        TopicName topicName = TopicName.FromProjectTopic(projectId, topicId);
        // This is an existing subscription with a dead letter policy.
        SubscriptionName subscriptionName = SubscriptionName.FromProjectSubscription(projectId, subscriptionId);
        // This is an existing dead letter topic that the subscription with dead letter policy forwards
        // dead letter messages to.
        var deadLetterTopic = TopicName.FromProjectTopic(projectId, deadLetterTopicId).ToString();


        // Construct the subscription with the dead letter policy you expect to have after the update.
        // Here, values in the required fields (name, topic) help identify the subscription.
        var subscription = new Subscription
        {
            SubscriptionName = subscriptionName,
            TopicAsTopicName = topicName,
            DeadLetterPolicy = new DeadLetterPolicy
            {
                DeadLetterTopic = deadLetterTopic,
                MaxDeliveryAttempts = 20,
            }
        };

        var request = new UpdateSubscriptionRequest
        {
            Subscription = subscription,
            // Construct a field mask to indicate which field to update in the subscription.
            UpdateMask = new FieldMask { Paths = { "dead_letter_policy" } }
        };
        var updatedSubscription = subscriber.UpdateSubscription(request);
        return updatedSubscription;
    }
}

Go

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Go 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Go API 参考文档。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2"
	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2/apiv1/pubsubpb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/fieldmaskpb"
)

// updateDeadLetter updates an existing subscription with a dead letter policy.
func updateDeadLetter(w io.Writer, projectID, subscription, deadLetterTopic string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// subID := "projects/my-project-id/subscriptions/my-sub"
	// deadLetterTopic := "projects/my-project-id/topics/my-dead-letter-topic"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	sub, err := client.SubscriptionAdminClient.UpdateSubscription(ctx, &pubsubpb.UpdateSubscriptionRequest{
		Subscription: &pubsubpb.Subscription{
			Name: subscription,
			DeadLetterPolicy: &pubsubpb.DeadLetterPolicy{
				MaxDeliveryAttempts: 20,
				DeadLetterTopic:     deadLetterTopic,
			},
		},
		UpdateMask: &fieldmaskpb.FieldMask{
			Paths: []string{"dead_letter_policy"},
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("UpdateSubscription: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Updated subscription: %+v\n", sub)
	return nil
}

Java

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Java 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Java API 参考文档。


import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.SubscriptionAdminClient;
import com.google.protobuf.FieldMask;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.DeadLetterPolicy;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.Subscription;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.SubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.TopicName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.UpdateSubscriptionRequest;
import java.io.IOException;

public class UpdateDeadLetterPolicyExample {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    // This is an existing subscription with a dead letter policy.
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";
    // This is an existing topic that the subscription with dead letter policy is attached to.
    String topicId = "your-topic-id";
    // This is an existing dead letter topic that the subscription with dead letter policy forwards
    // dead letter messages to.
    String deadLetterTopicId = "your-dead-letter-topic-id";

    UpdateDeadLetterPolicyExample.updateDeadLetterPolicyExample(
        projectId, subscriptionId, topicId, deadLetterTopicId);
  }

  public static void updateDeadLetterPolicyExample(
      String projectId, String subscriptionId, String topicId, String deadLetterTopicId)
      throws IOException {
    try (SubscriptionAdminClient subscriptionAdminClient = SubscriptionAdminClient.create()) {

      SubscriptionName subscriptionName = SubscriptionName.of(projectId, subscriptionId);

      System.out.println(
          "Before: " + subscriptionAdminClient.getSubscription(subscriptionName).getAllFields());

      TopicName topicName = TopicName.of(projectId, topicId);
      TopicName deadLetterTopicName = TopicName.of(projectId, deadLetterTopicId);

      // Construct the dead letter policy you expect to have after the update.
      DeadLetterPolicy deadLetterPolicy =
          DeadLetterPolicy.newBuilder()
              .setDeadLetterTopic(deadLetterTopicName.toString())
              .setMaxDeliveryAttempts(20)
              .build();

      // Construct the subscription with the dead letter policy you expect to have
      // after the update. Here, values in the required fields (name, topic) help
      // identify the subscription.
      Subscription subscription =
          Subscription.newBuilder()
              .setName(subscriptionName.toString())
              .setTopic(topicName.toString())
              .setDeadLetterPolicy(deadLetterPolicy)
              .build();

      // Construct a field mask to indicate which field to update in the subscription.
      FieldMask updateMask =
          FieldMask.newBuilder().addPaths("dead_letter_policy.max_delivery_attempts").build();

      UpdateSubscriptionRequest request =
          UpdateSubscriptionRequest.newBuilder()
              .setSubscription(subscription)
              .setUpdateMask(updateMask)
              .build();

      Subscription response = subscriptionAdminClient.updateSubscription(request);

      System.out.println("After: " + response.getAllFields());
      System.out.println(
          "Max delivery attempts is now "
              + response.getDeadLetterPolicy().getMaxDeliveryAttempts());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Node.js 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Node.js API 参考文档。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

async function updateDeadLetterPolicy(topicNameOrId, subscriptionNameOrId) {
  const metadata = {
    deadLetterPolicy: {
      deadLetterTopic: pubSubClient.topic(topicNameOrId).name,
      maxDeliveryAttempts: 15,
    },
  };

  await pubSubClient
    .topic(topicNameOrId)
    .subscription(subscriptionNameOrId)
    .setMetadata(metadata);

  console.log('Max delivery attempts updated successfully.');
}

PHP

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 PHP 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub PHP API 参考文档。

use Google\Cloud\PubSub\PubSubClient;

/**
 * Set the dead letter policy on an existing subscription.
 *
 * @param string $projectId  The Google project ID.
 * @param string $topicName  The Pub/Sub topic name.
 * @param string $deadLetterTopicName The Pub/Sub topic to use for dead letter policy.
 */
function dead_letter_update_subscription(
    string $projectId,
    string $topicName,
    string $subscriptionName,
    string $deadLetterTopicName
): void {
    $pubsub = new PubSubClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $topic = $pubsub->topic($topicName);
    $deadLetterTopic = $pubsub->topic($deadLetterTopicName);

    $subscription = $topic->subscription($subscriptionName);
    $subscription->update([
        'deadLetterPolicy' => [
            'deadLetterTopic' => $deadLetterTopic
        ]
    ]);

    printf(
        'Subscription %s updated with dead letter topic %s' . PHP_EOL,
        $subscription->name(),
        $deadLetterTopic->name()
    );
}

Python

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Python 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Python API 参考文档。

from google.cloud import pubsub_v1
from google.cloud.pubsub_v1.types import DeadLetterPolicy, FieldMask

# TODO(developer)
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# TODO(developer): This is an existing topic that the subscription
# with dead letter policy is attached to.
# topic_id = "your-topic-id"
# TODO(developer): This is an existing subscription with a dead letter policy.
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"
# TODO(developer): This is an existing dead letter topic that the subscription
# with dead letter policy will forward dead letter messages to.
# dead_letter_topic_id = "your-dead-letter-topic-id"
# TODO(developer): This is the maximum number of delivery attempts allowed
# for a message before it gets delivered to a dead letter topic.
# max_delivery_attempts = 5

publisher = pubsub_v1.PublisherClient()
subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()

topic_path = publisher.topic_path(project_id, topic_id)
subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project_id, subscription_id)
dead_letter_topic_path = publisher.topic_path(project_id, dead_letter_topic_id)

subscription_before_update = subscriber.get_subscription(
    request={"subscription": subscription_path}
)
print(f"Before the update: {subscription_before_update}.")

# Indicates which fields in the provided subscription to update.
update_mask = FieldMask(paths=["dead_letter_policy"])

# Construct a dead letter policy you expect to have after the update.
dead_letter_policy = DeadLetterPolicy(
    dead_letter_topic=dead_letter_topic_path,
    max_delivery_attempts=max_delivery_attempts,
)

# Construct the subscription with the dead letter policy you expect to have
# after the update. Here, values in the required fields (name, topic) help
# identify the subscription.
subscription = pubsub_v1.types.Subscription(
    name=subscription_path,
    topic=topic_path,
    dead_letter_policy=dead_letter_policy,
)

with subscriber:
    subscription_after_update: gapic_types.Subscription = (
        subscriber.update_subscription(
            request={"subscription": subscription, "update_mask": update_mask}
        )
    )

print(f"After the update: {subscription_after_update}.")

Ruby

以下示例使用 Ruby Pub/Sub 客户端库 v3。如果您仍在使用 v2 库，请参阅迁移到 v3 的指南。如需查看 Ruby v2 代码示例的列表，请参阅已弃用的代码示例。

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Ruby 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Ruby API 参考文档。

Ruby

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《Pub/Sub 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Ruby 设置说明执行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Pub/Sub 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

# subscription_id       = "your-subscription-id"
# role                  = "roles/pubsub.publisher"
# service_account_email =
# "serviceAccount:account_name@project_name.iam.gserviceaccount.com"

pubsub = Google::Cloud::PubSub.new
subscription_admin = pubsub.subscription_admin

subscription = subscription_admin.get_subscription \
  subscription: pubsub.subscription_path(subscription_id)
subscription.dead_letter_policy.max_delivery_attempts = 20

subscription_admin.update_subscription subscription: subscription,
                                       update_mask: {
                                         paths: ["dead_letter_policy"]
                                       }

puts "Max delivery attempts is now " \
     "#{subscription.dead_letter_policy.max_delivery_attempts}."

授予使用死信主题的 IAM 角色

如需将无法传送的消息转发到死信主题，Pub/Sub 必须具有执行以下操作的权限：

将消息发布到主题。
确认消息，这将从订阅中移除这些消息。

Pub/Sub 会为每个项目创建并维护一个服务账号：service-project-number@gcp-sa-pubsub.iam.gserviceaccount.com。您可以通过将发布者和订阅者角色分配给此服务账号来授予转发权限。

控制台

如需授予 Pub/Sub 将消息发布到死信主题的权限，请完成以下步骤：

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往订阅页面。

前往订阅页面。
点击具有死信主题的订阅的名称。
点击无法投递的信件标签页。
如需分配发布者角色，请点击授予发布者角色。如果成功分配了发布者角色，您会看到蓝色对勾标记。
如需分配订阅者角色，请点击授予订阅者角色。如果成功分配了发布者角色，您会看到蓝色对勾标记。

gcloud

如需授予 Pub/Sub 将消息发布到死信主题的权限，请运行以下命令：

PUBSUB_SERVICE_ACCOUNT="service-project-number@gcp-sa-pubsub.iam.gserviceaccount.com"

gcloud pubsub topics add-iam-policy-binding dead-letter-topic-name \
  --member="serviceAccount:$PUBSUB_SERVICE_ACCOUNT"\
  --role="roles/pubsub.publisher"

如需授予 Pub/Sub 确认转发的无法传送的消息的权限，请运行以下命令：

PUBSUB_SERVICE_ACCOUNT="service-project-number@gcp-sa-pubsub.iam.gserviceaccount.com"

gcloud pubsub subscriptions add-iam-policy-binding subscription-id \
  --member="serviceAccount:$PUBSUB_SERVICE_ACCOUNT"\
  --role="roles/pubsub.subscriber"

跟踪传送尝试

为订阅启用死信主题后，该订阅中的每条消息都有一个用于指定传送尝试次数的字段：

从拉取订阅接收到的消息包含 delivery_attempt 字段。

注意：如果您使用 Java 或 C# 客户端库，则传送尝试位于 googclient_deliveryattempt 消息特性中，而不是 delivery_attempt 字段中。
从推送订阅收到的消息包含 deliveryAttempt 字段。

以下示例展示了如何获取传送尝试次数：

C++

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 C++ 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub C++ API 参考文档。

namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
auto sample = [](pubsub::Subscriber subscriber) {
  return subscriber.Subscribe(
      [&](pubsub::Message const& m, pubsub::AckHandler h) {
        std::cout << "Received message " << m << "\n";
        std::cout << "Delivery attempt: " << h.delivery_attempt() << "\n";
        std::move(h).ack();
        PleaseIgnoreThisSimplifiesTestingTheSamples();
      });
};

C#

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 C# 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub C# API 参考文档。


using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class PullMessagesAsyncWithDeliveryAttemptsSample
{
    public async Task<int> PullMessagesAsyncWithDeliveryAttempts(string projectId, string subscriptionId, bool acknowledge)
    {
        // This is an existing subscription with a dead letter policy.
        SubscriptionName subscriptionName = SubscriptionName.FromProjectSubscription(projectId, subscriptionId);

        SubscriberClient subscriber = await SubscriberClient.CreateAsync(subscriptionName);

        int deliveryAttempt = 0;
        Task startTask = subscriber.StartAsync((PubsubMessage message, CancellationToken cancel) =>
        {
            string text = message.Data.ToStringUtf8();
            System.Console.WriteLine($"Delivery Attempt: {message.GetDeliveryAttempt()}");
            if (message.GetDeliveryAttempt() != null)
            {
                deliveryAttempt = message.GetDeliveryAttempt().Value;
            }
            return Task.FromResult(acknowledge ? SubscriberClient.Reply.Ack : SubscriberClient.Reply.Nack);
        });
        // Run for 7 seconds.
        await Task.Delay(7000);
        await subscriber.StopAsync(CancellationToken.None);
        // Lets make sure that the start task finished successfully after the call to stop.
        await startTask;
        return deliveryAttempt;
    }
}

Go

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Go 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Go API 参考文档。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2"
)

func pullMsgsDeadLetterDeliveryAttempt(w io.Writer, projectID, subID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// subID := "my-sub"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Receive messages for 10 seconds, which simplifies testing.
	// Comment this out in production, since `Receive` should
	// be used as a long running operation.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	// client.Subscriber can be passed a subscription ID (e.g. "my-sub") or
	// a fully qualified name (e.g. "projects/my-project/subscriptions/my-sub").
	// If a subscription ID is provided, the project ID from the client is used.
	sub := client.Subscriber(subID)
	err = sub.Receive(ctx, func(_ context.Context, msg *pubsub.Message) {
		// When dead lettering is enabled, the delivery attempt field is a pointer to the
		// the number of times the service has attempted to delivery a message.
		// Otherwise, the field is nil.
		if msg.DeliveryAttempt != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "message: %s, delivery attempts: %d", msg.Data, *msg.DeliveryAttempt)
		}
		msg.Ack()
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("got error in Receive: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

Java

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Java 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Java API 参考文档。


import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.AckReplyConsumer;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.MessageReceiver;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Subscriber;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class ReceiveMessagesWithDeliveryAttemptsExample {

  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    // This is an existing subscription with a dead letter policy.
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";

    ReceiveMessagesWithDeliveryAttemptsExample.receiveMessagesWithDeliveryAttemptsExample(
        projectId, subscriptionId);
  }

  public static void receiveMessagesWithDeliveryAttemptsExample(
      String projectId, String subscriptionId) {

    ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName =
        ProjectSubscriptionName.of(projectId, subscriptionId);

    // Instantiate an asynchronous message receiver.
    MessageReceiver receiver =
        new MessageReceiver() {
          @Override
          public void receiveMessage(PubsubMessage message, AckReplyConsumer consumer) {
            // Handle incoming message, then ack the received message.
            System.out.println("Id: " + message.getMessageId());
            System.out.println("Data: " + message.getData().toStringUtf8());
            System.out.println("Delivery Attempt: " + Subscriber.getDeliveryAttempt(message));
            consumer.ack();
          }
        };

    Subscriber subscriber = null;
    try {
      subscriber = Subscriber.newBuilder(subscriptionName, receiver).build();
      // Start the subscriber.
      subscriber.startAsync().awaitRunning();
      System.out.printf("Listening for messages on %s:\n", subscriptionName.toString());
      // Allow the subscriber to run for 30s unless an unrecoverable error occurs.
      subscriber.awaitTerminated(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    } catch (TimeoutException timeoutException) {
      // Shut down the subscriber after 30s. Stop receiving messages.
      subscriber.stopAsync();
    }
  }
}

Node.js

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Node.js 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Node.js API 参考文档。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library. v1 is for the lower level
// proto access.
const {v1} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use.
const subClient = new v1.SubscriberClient();

async function synchronousPullWithDeliveryAttempts(
  projectId,
  subscriptionNameOrId,
) {
  // The low level API client requires a name only.
  const formattedSubscription =
    subscriptionNameOrId.indexOf('/') >= 0
      ? subscriptionNameOrId
      : subClient.subscriptionPath(projectId, subscriptionNameOrId);

  // The maximum number of messages returned for this request.
  // Pub/Sub may return fewer than the number specified.
  const request = {
    subscription: formattedSubscription,
    maxMessages: 10,
  };

  // The subscriber pulls a specified number of messages.
  const [response] = await subClient.pull(request);

  // Process the messages.
  const ackIds = [];
  for (const message of response.receivedMessages || []) {
    console.log(`Received message: ${message.message.data}`);
    console.log(`Delivery Attempt: ${message.deliveryAttempt}`);
    if (message.ackId) {
      ackIds.push(message.ackId);
    }
  }

  // Acknowledge all of the messages. You could also acknowledge
  // these individually, but this is more efficient.
  const ackRequest = {
    subscription: formattedSubscription,
    ackIds: ackIds,
  };
  await subClient.acknowledge(ackRequest);

  console.log('Done.');
}

PHP

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 PHP 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub PHP API 参考文档。

use Google\Cloud\PubSub\Message;
use Google\Cloud\PubSub\PubSubClient;

/**
 * Get the delivery attempt from a pulled message.
 *
 * @param string $projectId  The Google project ID.
 * @param string $topicName  The Pub/Sub topic name.
 * @param string $subscriptionName  The Pub/Sub subscription name.
 * @param string $message The contents of a pubsub message data field.
 */
function dead_letter_delivery_attempt($projectId, $topicName, $subscriptionName, $message)
{
    $pubsub = new PubSubClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $topic = $pubsub->topic($topicName);

    // publish test message
    $topic->publish(new Message([
        'data' => $message
    ]));

    $subscription = $topic->subscription($subscriptionName);
    $messages = $subscription->pull();

    foreach ($messages as $message) {
        printf('Received message %s' . PHP_EOL, $message->data());
        printf('Delivery attempt %d' . PHP_EOL, $message->deliveryAttempt());
    }
    print('Done' . PHP_EOL);
}

Python

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Python 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Python API 参考文档。

from concurrent.futures import TimeoutError
from google.cloud import pubsub_v1

# TODO(developer)
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"

subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()
subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project_id, subscription_id)

def callback(message: pubsub_v1.subscriber.message.Message) -> None:
    print(f"Received {message}.")
    print(f"With delivery attempts: {message.delivery_attempt}.")
    message.ack()

streaming_pull_future = subscriber.subscribe(subscription_path, callback=callback)
print(f"Listening for messages on {subscription_path}..\n")

# Wrap subscriber in a 'with' block to automatically call close() when done.
with subscriber:
    # When `timeout` is not set, result() will block indefinitely,
    # unless an exception is encountered first.
    try:
        streaming_pull_future.result(timeout=timeout)
    except TimeoutError:
        streaming_pull_future.cancel()  # Trigger the shutdown.
        streaming_pull_future.result()  # Block until the shutdown is complete.

Ruby

以下示例使用 Ruby Pub/Sub 客户端库 v3。如果您仍在使用 v2 库，请参阅迁移到 v3 的指南。如需查看 Ruby v2 代码示例的列表，请参阅已弃用的代码示例。

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Ruby 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Ruby API 参考文档。

# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"

pubsub = Google::Cloud::PubSub.new
subscriber = pubsub.subscriber subscription_id

subscriber.pull(immediate: false).each do |message|
  puts "Received message: #{message.data}"
  puts "Delivery Attempt: #{message.delivery_attempt}"
  message.acknowledge!
end

当 Pub/Sub 将无法递送的消息转发到死信主题时，它会向该消息添加以下属性：

CloudPubSubDeadLetterSourceDeliveryCount：向源订阅的传送尝试次数。
CloudPubSubDeadLetterSourceSubscription：源订阅的名称。
CloudPubSubDeadLetterSourceSubscriptionProject：包含源订阅的项目的名称。
CloudPubSubDeadLetterSourceTopicPublishTime：相应消息最初发布时的时间戳。
CloudPubSubDeadLetterSourceDeliveryErrorMessage：邮件无法递送至原始目的地的原因。该属性仅适用于导出订阅。

监控转发的消息

转发无法送达的消息后，Pub/Sub 服务会从订阅中移除消息。您可以使用 Cloud Monitoring 监控转发的消息。

如果您将订阅附加到死信主题，则这些消息会使用附加订阅的到期政策，而非具有死信主题属性的订阅的有效期。

subscription/dead_letter_message_count 指标用于记录 Pub/Sub 从订阅转发的无法传送的消息数量。

如需了解详情，请参阅监控转发的无法传送的消息。

移除死信主题

如需停止转发无法传送的消息，请从订阅中移除死信主题。

您可以使用Google Cloud 控制台、gcloud CLI 或 Pub/Sub API 从订阅中移除死信主题。

控制台

如需从订阅中移除死信主题，请完成以下步骤：

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往订阅页面。

前往订阅页面。
在订阅列表中，点击订阅旁边的进行更新。
从上下文菜单中选择修改。
在死信部分，清除启用死信。
点击更新。

gcloud

如需从订阅中移除死信主题，请使用 gcloud pubsub subscriptions update 命令和 --clear-dead-letter-policy 标志：

gcloud pubsub subscriptions update subscription-id \
  --clear-dead-letter-policy

C++

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 C++ 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub C++ API 参考文档。

namespace pubsub_admin = ::google::cloud::pubsub_admin;
namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
[](pubsub_admin::SubscriptionAdminClient client,
   std::string const& project_id, std::string const& subscription_id) {
  google::pubsub::v1::UpdateSubscriptionRequest request;
  request.mutable_subscription()->set_name(
      pubsub::Subscription(project_id, subscription_id).FullName());
  request.mutable_subscription()->clear_dead_letter_policy();
  *request.mutable_update_mask()->add_paths() = "dead_letter_policy";
  auto sub = client.UpdateSubscription(request);
  if (!sub) throw std::move(sub).status();

  std::cout << "The subscription has been updated to: " << sub->DebugString()
            << "\n";
}

C#

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 C# 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub C# API 参考文档。


using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;

public class RemoveDeadLetterPolicySample
{
    public Subscription RemoveDeadLetterPolicy(string projectId, string topicId, string subscriptionId)
    {
        SubscriberServiceApiClient subscriber = SubscriberServiceApiClient.Create();
        // This is an existing topic that the subscription with dead letter policy is attached to.
        TopicName topicName = TopicName.FromProjectTopic(projectId, topicId);
        // This is an existing subscription with dead letter policy.
        SubscriptionName subscriptionName = SubscriptionName.FromProjectSubscription(projectId, subscriptionId);

        var subscription = new Subscription()
        {
            SubscriptionName = subscriptionName,
            TopicAsTopicName = topicName,
            DeadLetterPolicy = null
        };

        var request = new UpdateSubscriptionRequest
        {
            Subscription = subscription,
            UpdateMask = new FieldMask { Paths = { "dead_letter_policy" } }
        };
        var updatedSubscription = subscriber.UpdateSubscription(request);
        return updatedSubscription;
    }
}

Go

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Go 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Go API 参考文档。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2"
	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2/apiv1/pubsubpb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/fieldmaskpb"
)

// removeDeadLetterTopic removes the dead letter policy from a subscription.
func removeDeadLetterTopic(w io.Writer, projectID, subscriptionName string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// subscription := "projects/my-project/subscriptions/my-sub"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	sub, err := client.SubscriptionAdminClient.UpdateSubscription(ctx, &pubsubpb.UpdateSubscriptionRequest{
		Subscription: &pubsubpb.Subscription{
			Name:             subscriptionName,
			DeadLetterPolicy: nil, // alternatively, you can omit this line entirely.
		},
		UpdateMask: &fieldmaskpb.FieldMask{
			Paths: []string{"dead_letter_policy"},
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("UpdateSubscription: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Updated subscription: %+v\n", sub)
	return nil
}

Java

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Java 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Java API 参考文档。


import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.SubscriptionAdminClient;
import com.google.protobuf.FieldMask;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.Subscription;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.TopicName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.UpdateSubscriptionRequest;

public class RemoveDeadLetterPolicyExample {

  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    // This is an existing subscription with dead letter policy.
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";
    // This is an existing topic that the subscription with dead letter policy is attached to.
    String topicId = "your-topic-id";

    RemoveDeadLetterPolicyExample.removeDeadLetterPolicyExample(projectId, subscriptionId, topicId);
  }

  public static void removeDeadLetterPolicyExample(
      String projectId, String subscriptionId, String topicId) throws Exception {
    try (SubscriptionAdminClient subscriptionAdminClient = SubscriptionAdminClient.create()) {

      ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName =
          ProjectSubscriptionName.of(projectId, subscriptionId);
      TopicName topicName = TopicName.of(projectId, topicId);

      // Construct the subscription you expect to have after the request. Here,
      // values in the required fields (name, topic) help identify the subscription.
      // No dead letter policy is supplied.
      Subscription expectedSubscription =
          Subscription.newBuilder()
              .setName(subscriptionName.toString())
              .setTopic(topicName.toString())
              .build();

      // Construct a field mask to indicate which field to update in the subscription.
      FieldMask updateMask = FieldMask.newBuilder().addPaths("dead_letter_policy").build();

      UpdateSubscriptionRequest request =
          UpdateSubscriptionRequest.newBuilder()
              .setSubscription(expectedSubscription)
              .setUpdateMask(updateMask)
              .build();

      Subscription response = subscriptionAdminClient.updateSubscription(request);

      // You should see an empty dead letter topic field inside the dead letter policy.
      System.out.println("After: " + response.getAllFields());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Node.js 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Node.js API 参考文档。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_NAME_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

async function removeDeadLetterPolicy(topicNameOrId, subscriptionNameOrId) {
  const metadata = {
    deadLetterPolicy: null,
  };

  await pubSubClient
    .topic(topicNameOrId)
    .subscription(subscriptionNameOrId)
    .setMetadata(metadata);

  console.log(
    `Removed dead letter topic from ${subscriptionNameOrId} subscription.`,
  );
}

PHP

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 PHP 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub PHP API 参考文档。

use Google\Cloud\PubSub\PubSubClient;

/**
 * Remove dead letter policy from an existing subscription.
 *
 * @param string $projectId  The Google project ID.
 * @param string $topicName  The Pub/Sub topic name.
 * @param string $subscriptionName  The Pub/Sub subscription name.
 */
function dead_letter_remove($projectId, $topicName, $subscriptionName)
{
    $pubsub = new PubSubClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $topic = $pubsub->topic($topicName);

    $subscription = $topic->subscription($subscriptionName);

    // Provide deadLetterPolicy in the update mask, but omit from update fields to unset.
    $subscription->update([], [
        'updateMask' => [
            'deadLetterPolicy'
        ]
    ]);

    printf(
        'Removed dead letter topic from subscription %s' . PHP_EOL,
        $subscription->name()
    );
}

Python

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Python 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Python API 参考文档。

from google.cloud import pubsub_v1
from google.cloud.pubsub_v1.types import FieldMask

# TODO(developer)
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# TODO(developer): This is an existing topic that the subscription
# with dead letter policy is attached to.
# topic_id = "your-topic-id"
# TODO(developer): This is an existing subscription with a dead letter policy.
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"

publisher = pubsub_v1.PublisherClient()
subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()
topic_path = publisher.topic_path(project_id, topic_id)
subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(project_id, subscription_id)

subscription_before_update = subscriber.get_subscription(
    request={"subscription": subscription_path}
)
print(f"Before removing the policy: {subscription_before_update}.")

# Indicates which fields in the provided subscription to update.
update_mask = FieldMask(paths=["dead_letter_policy"])

# Construct the subscription (without any dead letter policy) that you
# expect to have after the update.
subscription = pubsub_v1.types.Subscription(
    name=subscription_path, topic=topic_path
)

with subscriber:
    subscription_after_update: gapic_types.Subscription = (
        subscriber.update_subscription(
            request={"subscription": subscription, "update_mask": update_mask}
        )
    )

print(f"After removing the policy: {subscription_after_update}.")

Ruby

以下示例使用 Ruby Pub/Sub 客户端库 v3。如果您仍在使用 v2 库，请参阅迁移到 v3 的指南。如需查看 Ruby v2 代码示例的列表，请参阅已弃用的代码示例。

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Ruby 设置说明进行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Ruby API 参考文档。

Ruby

在尝试此示例之前，请按照《Pub/Sub 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Ruby 设置说明执行操作。如需了解详情，请参阅 Pub/Sub Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Pub/Sub 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"

pubsub = Google::Cloud::PubSub.new
subscription_admin = pubsub.subscription_admin

subscription = subscription_admin.get_subscription \
  subscription: pubsub.subscription_path(subscription_id)
subscription.dead_letter_policy = nil

subscription_admin.update_subscription subscription: subscription,
                                       update_mask: {
                                         paths: ["dead_letter_policy"]
                                       }

puts "Removed dead letter topic from #{subscription_id} subscription."

价格

Pub/Sub 服务转发无法传送的消息时，您需要支付以下费用：

向与包含死信主题的项目相关联的结算账号计入的发布费用。
向与包含具有死信主题属性的订阅的项目相关联的结算账号收取的出站消息订阅费用。

如果您设置了订阅的死信主题属性，但死信主题的消息存储位置政策不允许包含该订阅的区域，则还需要支付出站消息的发布费用。

出站消息的发布费用将计入包含死信主题的项目。要了解详情，请参阅价格。

## 后续步骤

死信主题 使用集合让一切井井有条 根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。

准备工作

所需的角色

死信主题的运作方式

传送尝试次数上限的计算方式

死信主题属性

配置死信主题

创建要与死信主题搭配使用的主题

为订阅设置死信主题

为新订阅设置死信主题

控制台

gcloud

C++

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

Ruby

为现有订阅设置死信主题

控制台

gcloud

C++

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

Ruby

授予使用死信主题的 IAM 角色

控制台

gcloud

跟踪传送尝试

C++

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

监控转发的消息

移除死信主题

控制台

gcloud

C++

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

Ruby

价格

死信主题