使用 Google Cloud 控制台在 Pub/Sub 中發布及接收訊息

本頁面說明如何使用Google Cloud 控制台在 Pub/Sub 中執行基本工作。

如要直接在 Google Cloud 控制台中，按照這項工作的逐步指南操作，請按一下「Guide me」(逐步引導)：

「Guide me」(逐步引導)

事前準備

  1. 登入 Google Cloud 帳戶。如果您是 Google Cloud新手，歡迎 建立帳戶，親自評估產品在實際工作環境中的成效。新客戶還能獲得價值 $300 美元的免費抵免額，可用於執行、測試及部署工作負載。

  2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Roles required to select or create a project

    • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
    • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

    Go to project selector

  3. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  4. Enable the Pub/Sub API.

    Roles required to enable APIs

    To enable APIs, you need the serviceusage.services.enable permission. If you created the project, then you likely already have this permission through the Owner role (roles/owner). Otherwise, you can get this permission through the Service Usage Admin role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin). Learn how to grant roles.

    Enable the API

  5. Make sure that you have the following role or roles on the project: Pub/Sub Admin

    Check for the roles

    1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

      Go to IAM
    2. Select the project.

    3. In the Principal column, find all rows that identify you or a group that you're included in. To learn which groups you're included in, contact your administrator.

    4. For all rows that specify or include you, check the Role column to see whether the list of roles includes the required roles.

    Grant the roles

    1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

      Go to IAM
    2. Select the project.
    3. Click Grant access.

    4. In the New principals field, enter your user identifier. This is typically the email address for a Google Account.

    5. Click Select a role, then search for the role.
    6. To grant additional roles, click Add another role and add each additional role.
    7. Click Save.

  6. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Roles required to select or create a project

    • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
    • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

    Go to project selector

  7. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  8. Enable the Pub/Sub API.

    Roles required to enable APIs

    To enable APIs, you need the serviceusage.services.enable permission. If you created the project, then you likely already have this permission through the Owner role (roles/owner). Otherwise, you can get this permission through the Service Usage Admin role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin). Learn how to grant roles.

    Enable the API

  9. Make sure that you have the following role or roles on the project: Pub/Sub Admin

    Check for the roles

    1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

      Go to IAM
    2. Select the project.

    3. In the Principal column, find all rows that identify you or a group that you're included in. To learn which groups you're included in, contact your administrator.

    4. For all rows that specify or include you, check the Role column to see whether the list of roles includes the required roles.

    Grant the roles

    1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

      Go to IAM
    2. Select the project.
    3. Click Grant access.

    4. In the New principals field, enter your user identifier. This is typically the email address for a Google Account.

    5. Click Select a role, then search for the role.
    6. To grant additional roles, click Add another role and add each additional role.
    7. Click Save.

建立主題

  1. 前往 Google Cloud 控制台的「Pub/Sub」頁面。

    前往 Pub/Sub

  2. 在「Topics」(主題) 頁面中，點按「Create topic」(建立主題)。

  3. 在開啟的視窗中找到「Topic ID」(主題 ID) 欄位，然後輸入 MyTopic。

    保留其餘選項的預設值，然後按一下「Create」(建立)。

    系統會顯示成功訊息：A new topic and a new subscription have been successfully created.

    您剛建立名為 MyTopic 的主題，以及相關聯的預設訂閱 MyTopic-sub。

新增第二個訂閱項目

如要為剛建立的主題新增第二個訂閱項目，請完成下列步驟：

  1. 前往 Google Cloud 控制台的「Pub/Sub subscriptions」(Pub/Sub 訂閱項目) 頁面。

    前往「訂閱項目」頁面

  2. 在「Subscriptions」(訂閱項目)頁面中，按一下「Create subscription」(建立訂閱項目)。

  3. 在「Subscription ID」(訂閱項目 ID) 欄位中輸入 MySub。

  4. 在「Select a Cloud Pub/Sub topic」(選取 Cloud Pub/Sub 主題) 中，從下拉式選單中選取 MyTopic 主題。

  5. 保留其餘選項的預設值。

  6. 按一下「Create」(建立)。

    系統會顯示成功訊息：Subscription successfully added.

    MySub 訂閱項目現在已附加至 MyTopic 主題。Pub/Sub 會將傳送至 MyTopic 的所有訊息傳遞到 MySub 和 MyTopic-sub 訂閱項目。

將訊息發布到主題

  1. 前往 Google Cloud 控制台的「Pub/Sub topics」(Pub/Sub 主題) 頁面。

    前往「主題」

  2. 按一下 MyTopic 主題。

  3. 按一下「Topics」(主題) 頁面，然後點按 MyTopic。

  4. 在 MyTopic 頁面中，點按「Messages」(訊息) 分頁標籤。

  5. 按一下「Publish message」(發布訊息)。

  6. 在「Message body」(訊息內文) 視窗中輸入 Hello World。

  7. 按一下「Publish」(發布)。發布成功後，頁面底部會顯示「Message published」(訊息已發布) 訊息。

提取訂閱項目中的訊息

  1. 前往 Google Cloud 控制台的「Pub/Sub subscriptions」(Pub/Sub 訂閱項目) 頁面。

    前往「訂閱項目」頁面

  2. 在「Messages」(訊息) 分頁中，按一下「Pull」(提取)。

您應該會看到剛發布的訊息。訊息中會包含資料、Hello World 和訊息發布的時間。

使用 Google Cloud 控制台時，低訊息量的個別提取項目通常會傳回零訊息。如果您沒有看到訊息，請多按幾次「Pull」(提取) 來發出多個提取要求。這並不是 Pub/Sub 用戶端程式庫的問題。

清除所用資源

為了避免系統向您的 Google Cloud 帳戶收取本頁面所用資源的費用，請按照下列步驟操作。

如果不再需要所建立的某個主題和訂閱項目，可以刪除。

如要刪除主題和訂閱項目，請完成下列步驟：

  1. 前往「Topics」(主題) 頁面

  2. 勾選 MyTopic 旁邊的核取方塊，然後按一下「Delete」(刪除)。

  3. 完成確認視窗中的步驟，即可永久刪除主題。

或者，您也可以刪除先前建立的專案。

後續步驟