如果您要建立新函式，請參閱 Cloud Run 的控制台快速入門。本頁內容僅適用於使用 Cloud Functions 第 1 版 API 建立的現有舊版函式。

本頁面由 Cloud Translation API 翻譯而成。

Slack 教學課程：斜線指令 (第 1 代)

本教學課程示範如何使用 Cloud Run 函式實作 Slack Slash 指令，藉此搜尋 Google Knowledge Graph API。

視覺化資料流動過程

Slack Slash Command 教學課程應用程式中的資料流動過程涉及數個步驟：

使用者在 Slack 頻道中執行 /kg <search_query> Slash 指令。
Slack 會將指令酬載傳送至函式的觸發端點。
該函式會將使用者的搜尋查詢傳送至 Knowledge Graph API。
知識圖譜 API 以任何相符的結果回應。
函式會將回應格式化為 Slack 訊息。
函式會將訊息傳回 Slack。
使用者在 Slack 頻道中看見設定好格式的回應。

以下可能有助於透過視覺化的方式瞭解步驟：

建立 Knowledge Graph API 金鑰

在Google Cloud 控制台的「憑證」頁面中，按一下「建立憑證」按鈕，然後選取「API 金鑰」。請記下這組金鑰，因為您會在下一節使用這組金鑰存取 Knowledge Graph API。

準備函式

將應用程式存放區範例複製到本機電腦中：
Node.js
```
git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/nodejs-docs-samples.git
```
您也可以下載 zip 格式的範例，然後解壓縮該檔案。
Python
```
git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples.git
```
您也可以下載 zip 格式的範例，然後解壓縮該檔案。
Go
```
git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/golang-samples.git
```
您也可以下載 zip 格式的範例，然後解壓縮該檔案。
Java
```
git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/java-docs-samples.git
```
您也可以下載 zip 格式的範例，然後解壓縮該檔案。
Ruby
```
git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/ruby-docs-samples.git
```
您也可以下載 zip 格式的範例，然後解壓縮該檔案。

變更為包含 Cloud Run 函式程式碼範例的目錄：

Node.js

cd nodejs-docs-samples/functions/slack/

Python

cd python-docs-samples/functions/slack/

Go

cd golang-samples/functions/slack/

Java

cd java-docs-samples/functions/slack/

Ruby

cd ruby-docs-samples/functions/slack/

部署函式

如要部署函式，在您 (或 Slack) 對函式端點發出 HTTP POST 要求時執行，請在包含範例程式碼 (或 Java 的 pom.xml 檔案) 的目錄中執行下列指令：

將 YOUR_SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET 替換為 Slack 在應用程式設定的「基本資訊」頁面中提供的簽署密鑰，並將 YOUR_KG_API_KEY 替換為您先前建立的 Knowledge Graph API 金鑰。

Node.js

gcloud functions deploy kgSearch \
--runtime nodejs22 \
--trigger-http \
--set-env-vars "SLACK_SECRET=YOUR_SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET,KG_API_KEY=YOUR_KG_API_KEY" \
--allow-unauthenticated

使用 --runtime 標記指定支援的 Node.js 版本執行階段 ID，以執行函式。

Python

gcloud functions deploy kg_search \
--runtime python312 \
--trigger-http \
--set-env-vars "SLACK_SECRET=YOUR_SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET,KG_API_KEY=YOUR_KG_API_KEY" \
--allow-unauthenticated

使用 --runtime 標記指定支援的 Python 版本執行階段 ID，以執行函式。

Go

gcloud functions deploy KGSearch \
--runtime go121 \
--trigger-http \
--set-env-vars "SLACK_SECRET=YOUR_SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET,KG_API_KEY=YOUR_KG_API_KEY" \
--allow-unauthenticated

使用 --runtime 標記指定支援的 Go 版本執行階段 ID，以執行函式。

Java

gcloud functions deploy java-slack-function \
--entry-point functions.SlackSlashCommand \
--runtime java17 \
--memory 512MB \
--trigger-http \
--set-env-vars "SLACK_SECRET=YOUR_SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET,KG_API_KEY=YOUR_KG_API_KEY" \
--allow-unauthenticated

使用 --runtime 標記指定支援的 Java 版本執行函式的執行階段 ID。

Ruby

gcloud functions deploy kg_search --runtime ruby33 \
--trigger-http \
--set-env-vars "SLACK_SECRET=YOUR_SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET,KG_API_KEY=YOUR_KG_API_KEY" \
--allow-unauthenticated

使用 --runtime 標記指定支援的 Ruby 版本執行階段 ID，以執行函式。

設定應用程式

部署函式後，您需要建立 Slack 斜線指令，每當觸發指令時，就會將查詢傳送至函式：

建立 Slack 應用程式，以託管 Slack Slash 指令。將其與您有權安裝整合功能的 Slack 團隊建立關聯。
前往「Slash commands」並按一下 [Create new command] 按鈕。
輸入 /kg 做為指令名稱。

輸入指令的網址：

Node.js

https://YOUR_REGION-YOUR_PROJECT_ID.cloudfunctions.net/kgSearch

Python

https://YOUR_REGION-YOUR_PROJECT_ID.cloudfunctions.net/kg_search

Go

https://YOUR_REGION-YOUR_PROJECT_ID.cloudfunctions.net/KGSearch

Java

https://YOUR_REGION-YOUR_PROJECT_ID.cloudfunctions.net/java-slack-function

Ruby

https://YOUR_REGION-YOUR_PROJECT_ID.cloudfunctions.net/kg_search

其中 YOUR_REGION 是函式部署的區域，YOUR_PROJECT_ID 則是 Cloud 專案 ID。

當您的函式部署完成時，這兩個值都可以在您的終端機中看見。

按一下 [Save]。
前往「Basic Information」。
按一下「將應用程式安裝到工作區」，然後按照畫面上的指示，為工作區啟用應用程式。

您的 Slack Slash Command 應該很快就會上線。

瞭解程式碼

匯入依附元件

應用程式必須匯入數個依附元件，才能與 Google Cloud Platform 服務通訊：

Node.js

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');
const google = require('@googleapis/kgsearch');
const {verifyRequestSignature} = require('@slack/events-api');

// Get a reference to the Knowledge Graph Search component
const kgsearch = google.kgsearch('v1');

Python

import os

from flask import jsonify
import functions_framework
import googleapiclient.discovery
from slack.signature import SignatureVerifier


kgsearch = googleapiclient.discovery.build(
    "kgsearch", "v1", developerKey=os.environ["KG_API_KEY"], cache_discovery=False
)

Go


package slack

import (
	"context"
	"log"
	"os"

	"google.golang.org/api/kgsearch/v1"
	"google.golang.org/api/option"
)

var (
	entitiesService *kgsearch.EntitiesService
	kgKey           string
	slackSecret     string
)

func setup(ctx context.Context) {
	kgKey = os.Getenv("KG_API_KEY")
	slackSecret = os.Getenv("SLACK_SECRET")

	if entitiesService == nil {
		kgService, err := kgsearch.NewService(ctx, option.WithAPIKey(kgKey))
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatalf("kgsearch.NewService: %v", err)
		}
		entitiesService = kgsearch.NewEntitiesService(kgService)
	}
}

Java

private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SlackSlashCommand.class.getName());
private static final String API_KEY = getenv("KG_API_KEY");
private static final String SLACK_SECRET = getenv("SLACK_SECRET");
private static final Gson gson = new Gson();

private final String apiKey;
private final Kgsearch kgClient;
private final SlackSignature.Verifier verifier;

public SlackSlashCommand() throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
  this(new SlackSignature.Verifier(new SlackSignature.Generator(SLACK_SECRET)));
}

SlackSlashCommand(SlackSignature.Verifier verifier) throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
  this(verifier, API_KEY);
}

SlackSlashCommand(SlackSignature.Verifier verifier, String apiKey)
    throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
  this.verifier = verifier;
  this.apiKey = apiKey;
  this.kgClient = new Kgsearch.Builder(
      GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport(), new GsonFactory(), null).build();
}

// Avoid ungraceful deployment failures due to unset environment variables.
// If you get this warning you should redeploy with the variable set.
private static String getenv(String name) {
  String value = System.getenv(name);
  if (value == null) {
    logger.warning("Environment variable " + name + " was not set");
    value = "MISSING";
  }
  return value;
}

Ruby

require "functions_framework"
require "slack-ruby-client"
require "google/apis/kgsearch_v1"

# This block is executed during cold start, before the function begins
# handling requests. This is the recommended way to create shared resources
# and objects.
FunctionsFramework.on_startup do
  # Create a global handler object, configured with the environment-provided
  # API key and signing secret.
  kg_search = KGSearch.new kg_api_key:     ENV["KG_API_KEY"],
                           signing_secret: ENV["SLACK_SECRET"]
  set_global :kg_search, kg_search
end

# The KGSearch class implements the logic of validating and responding
# to requests. More methods of this class are shown below.
class KGSearch
  def initialize kg_api_key:, signing_secret:
    # Create the global client for the Knowledge Graph Search Service,
    # configuring it with your API key.
    @client = Google::Apis::KgsearchV1::KgsearchService.new
    @client.key = kg_api_key

    # Save signing secret for use by the signature validation method.
    @signing_secret = signing_secret
  end

接收 webhook

下列函式會在您 (或 Slack) 對函式端點提出 HTTP POST 要求時執行：

Node.js

/**
 * Receive a Slash Command request from Slack.
 *
 * Trigger this function by creating a Slack slash command with the HTTP Trigger URL.
 * You can find the HTTP URL in the Cloud Console or using `gcloud functions describe`
 *
 * @param {object} req Cloud Function request object.
 * @param {object} req.body The request payload.
 * @param {string} req.rawBody Raw request payload used to validate Slack's message signature.
 * @param {string} req.body.text The user's search query.
 * @param {object} res Cloud Function response object.
 */
functions.http('kgSearch', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    if (req.method !== 'POST') {
      const error = new Error('Only POST requests are accepted');
      error.code = 405;
      throw error;
    }

    if (!req.body.text) {
      const error = new Error('No text found in body.');
      error.code = 400;
      throw error;
    }

    // Verify that this request came from Slack
    verifyWebhook(req);

    // Make the request to the Knowledge Graph Search API
    const response = await makeSearchRequest(req.body.text);

    // Send the formatted message back to Slack
    res.json(response);

    return Promise.resolve();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err);
    res.status(err.code || 500).send(err);
    return Promise.reject(err);
  }
});

Python

@functions_framework.http
def kg_search(request):
    if request.method != "POST":
        return "Only POST requests are accepted", 405

    verify_signature(request)
    kg_search_response = make_search_request(request.form["text"])
    return jsonify(kg_search_response)

Go


// Package slack is a Cloud Function which recieves a query from
// a Slack command and responds with the KG API result.
package slack

import (
	"bytes"
	"crypto/hmac"
	"crypto/sha256"
	"encoding/hex"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

type oldTimeStampError struct {
	s string
}

func (e *oldTimeStampError) Error() string {
	return e.s
}

const (
	version                     = "v0"
	slackRequestTimestampHeader = "X-Slack-Request-Timestamp"
	slackSignatureHeader        = "X-Slack-Signature"
)

type attachment struct {
	Color     string `json:"color"`
	Title     string `json:"title"`
	TitleLink string `json:"title_link"`
	Text      string `json:"text"`
	ImageURL  string `json:"image_url"`
}

// Message is the a Slack message event.
// see https://api.slack.com/docs/message-formatting
type Message struct {
	ResponseType string       `json:"response_type"`
	Text         string       `json:"text"`
	Attachments  []attachment `json:"attachments"`
}

// KGSearch uses the Knowledge Graph API to search for a query provided
// by a Slack command.
func KGSearch(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	setup(r.Context())

	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Couldn't read request body: %v", err)
	}
	r.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(bodyBytes))

	if r.Method != "POST" {
		http.Error(w, "Only POST requests are accepted", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
	}
	if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, "Couldn't parse form", 400)
		log.Fatalf("ParseForm: %v", err)
	}

	// Reset r.Body as ParseForm depletes it by reading the io.ReadCloser.
	r.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(bodyBytes))
	result, err := verifyWebHook(r, slackSecret)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("verifyWebhook: %v", err)
	}
	if !result {
		log.Fatalf("signatures did not match.")
	}

	if len(r.Form["text"]) == 0 {
		log.Fatalf("empty text in form")
	}
	kgSearchResponse, err := makeSearchRequest(r.Form["text"][0])
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("makeSearchRequest: %v", err)
	}
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	if err = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(kgSearchResponse); err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("json.Marshal: %v", err)
	}
}

Java

/**
 * Receive a Slash Command request from Slack.
 *
 * @param request Cloud Function request object.
 * @param response Cloud Function response object.
 * @throws IOException if Knowledge Graph request fails
 */
@Override
public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response) throws IOException {

  // Validate request
  if (!"POST".equals(request.getMethod())) {
    response.setStatusCode(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_BAD_METHOD);
    return;
  }

  // reader can only be read once per request, so we preserve its contents
  String bodyString = request.getReader().lines().collect(Collectors.joining());

  // Slack sends requests as URL-encoded strings
  //   Java 11 doesn't have a standard library
  //   function for this, so do it manually
  Map<String, String> body = new HashMap<>();
  for (String keyValuePair : bodyString.split("&")) {
    String[] keyAndValue = keyValuePair.split("=");
    if (keyAndValue.length == 2) {
      String key = keyAndValue[0];
      String value = keyAndValue[1];

      body.put(key, value);
    }
  }

  if (body == null || !body.containsKey("text")) {
    response.setStatusCode(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
    return;
  }

  if (!isValidSlackWebhook(request, bodyString)) {
    response.setStatusCode(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED);
    return;
  }

  String query = body.get("text");

  // Call knowledge graph API
  JsonObject kgResponse = searchKnowledgeGraph(query);

  // Format response to Slack
  // See https://api.slack.com/docs/message-formatting
  BufferedWriter writer = response.getWriter();

  writer.write(formatSlackMessage(kgResponse, query));

  response.setContentType("application/json");
}

Ruby

# Handler for the function endpoint.
FunctionsFramework.http "kg_search" do |request|
  # Return early if the request is not a POST.
  unless request.post?
    return [405, {}, ["Only POST requests are accepted."]]
  end

  # Access the global Knowledge Graph Search client
  kg_search = global :kg_search

  # Verify the request signature and return early if it failed.
  unless kg_search.signature_valid? request
    return [401, {}, ["Signature validation failed."]]
  end

  # Query the Knowledge Graph and format a Slack message with the response.
  # This method returns a nested hash, which the Functions Framework will
  # convert to JSON automatically.
  kg_search.make_search_request request.params["text"]
end

下列函式會驗證 Slack 提供的 X-Slack-Signature 標頭，藉此驗證傳入的要求：

Node.js

/**
 * Verify that the webhook request came from Slack.
 *
 * @param {object} req Cloud Function request object.
 * @param {string} req.headers Headers Slack SDK uses to authenticate request.
 * @param {string} req.rawBody Raw body of webhook request to check signature against.
 */
const verifyWebhook = req => {
  const signature = {
    signingSecret: process.env.SLACK_SECRET,
    requestSignature: req.headers['x-slack-signature'],
    requestTimestamp: req.headers['x-slack-request-timestamp'],
    body: req.rawBody,
  };

  // This method throws an exception if an incoming request is invalid.
  verifyRequestSignature(signature);
};

Python

def verify_signature(request):
    request.get_data()  # Decodes received requests into request.data

    verifier = SignatureVerifier(os.environ["SLACK_SECRET"])

    if not verifier.is_valid_request(request.data, request.headers):
        raise ValueError("Invalid request/credentials.")

Go


// verifyWebHook verifies the request signature.
// See https://api.slack.com/docs/verifying-requests-from-slack.
func verifyWebHook(r *http.Request, slackSigningSecret string) (bool, error) {
	timeStamp := r.Header.Get(slackRequestTimestampHeader)
	slackSignature := r.Header.Get(slackSignatureHeader)

	t, err := strconv.ParseInt(timeStamp, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("strconv.ParseInt(%s): %w", timeStamp, err)
	}

	if ageOk, age := checkTimestamp(t); !ageOk {
		return false, &oldTimeStampError{fmt.Sprintf("checkTimestamp(%v): %v %v", t, ageOk, age)}
		// return false, fmt.Errorf("checkTimestamp(%v): %v %v", t, ageOk, age)
	}

	if timeStamp == "" || slackSignature == "" {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("either timeStamp or signature headers were blank")
	}

	body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("io.ReadAll(%v): %w", r.Body, err)
	}

	// Reset the body so other calls won't fail.
	r.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(body))

	baseString := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s:%s", version, timeStamp, body)

	signature := getSignature([]byte(baseString), []byte(slackSigningSecret))

	trimmed := strings.TrimPrefix(slackSignature, fmt.Sprintf("%s=", version))
	signatureInHeader, err := hex.DecodeString(trimmed)

	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("hex.DecodeString(%v): %w", trimmed, err)
	}

	return hmac.Equal(signature, signatureInHeader), nil
}

func getSignature(base []byte, secret []byte) []byte {
	h := hmac.New(sha256.New, secret)
	h.Write(base)

	return h.Sum(nil)
}

// Arbitrarily trusting requests time stamped less than 5 minutes ago.
func checkTimestamp(timeStamp int64) (bool, time.Duration) {
	t := time.Since(time.Unix(timeStamp, 0))

	return t.Minutes() <= 5, t
}

Java

/**
 * Verify that the webhook request came from Slack.
 *
 * @param request Cloud Function request object in {@link HttpRequest} format.
 * @param requestBody Raw body of webhook request to check signature against.
 * @return true if the provided request came from Slack, false otherwise
 */
boolean isValidSlackWebhook(HttpRequest request, String requestBody) {
  // Check for headers
  Optional<String> maybeTimestamp = request.getFirstHeader("X-Slack-Request-Timestamp");
  Optional<String> maybeSignature = request.getFirstHeader("X-Slack-Signature");
  if (!maybeTimestamp.isPresent() || !maybeSignature.isPresent()) {
    return false;
  }

  Long nowInMs = ZonedDateTime.now().toInstant().toEpochMilli();

  return verifier.isValid(maybeTimestamp.get(), requestBody, maybeSignature.get(), nowInMs);
}

Ruby

# slack-ruby-client expects a Rails-style request object with a "headers"
# method, but the Functions Framework provides only a Rack request.
# To avoid bringing in Rails as a dependency, we'll create a simple class
# that implements the "headers" method and delegates everything else back to
# the Rack request object.
require "delegate"
class RequestWithHeaders < SimpleDelegator
  def headers
    env.each_with_object({}) do |(key, val), result|
      if /^HTTP_(\w+)$/ =~ key
        header = Regexp.last_match(1).split("_").map(&:capitalize).join("-")
        result[header] = val
      end
    end
  end
end

# This is a method of the KGSearch class.
# It determines whether the given request's signature is valid.
def signature_valid? request
  # Wrap the request with our class that provides the "headers" method.
  request = RequestWithHeaders.new request

  # Validate the request signature.
  slack_request = Slack::Events::Request.new request,
                                             signing_secret: @signing_secret
  slack_request.valid?
end

查詢知識圖譜 API

下列函式將含有使用者搜尋查詢的要求傳送至知識圖譜 API：

Node.js

/**
 * Send the user's search query to the Knowledge Graph API.
 *
 * @param {string} query The user's search query.
 */
const makeSearchRequest = query => {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    kgsearch.entities.search(
      {
        auth: process.env.KG_API_KEY,
        query: query,
        limit: 1,
      },
      (err, response) => {
        console.log(err);
        if (err) {
          reject(err);
          return;
        }

        // Return a formatted message
        resolve(formatSlackMessage(query, response));
      }
    );
  });
};

Python

def make_search_request(query):
    req = kgsearch.entities().search(query=query, limit=1)
    res = req.execute()
    return format_slack_message(query, res)

Go

func makeSearchRequest(query string) (*Message, error) {
	res, err := entitiesService.Search().Query(query).Limit(1).Do()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("do: %w", err)
	}
	return formatSlackMessage(query, res)
}

Java

/**
 * Send the user's search query to the Knowledge Graph API.
 *
 * @param query The user's search query.
 * @return The Knowledge graph API results as a {@link JsonObject}.
 * @throws IOException if Knowledge Graph request fails
 */
JsonObject searchKnowledgeGraph(String query) throws IOException {
  Kgsearch.Entities.Search kgRequest = kgClient.entities().search();
  kgRequest.setQuery(query);
  kgRequest.setKey(apiKey);

  return gson.fromJson(kgRequest.execute().toString(), JsonObject.class);
}

Ruby

# This is a method of the KGSearch class.
# It makes an API call to the Knowledge Graph Search Service, and formats
# a Slack message as a nested Hash object.
def make_search_request query
  response = @client.search_entities query: query, limit: 1
  format_slack_message query, response
end

設定 Slack 訊息格式

最後，下列函式將知識圖譜結果的格式設定為豐富格式的 Slack 訊息，並顯示給使用者：

Node.js

/**
 * Format the Knowledge Graph API response into a richly formatted Slack message.
 *
 * @param {string} query The user's search query.
 * @param {object} response The response from the Knowledge Graph API.
 * @returns {object} The formatted message.
 */
const formatSlackMessage = (query, response) => {
  let entity;

  // Extract the first entity from the result list, if any
  if (
    response &&
    response.data &&
    response.data.itemListElement &&
    response.data.itemListElement.length > 0
  ) {
    entity = response.data.itemListElement[0].result;
  }

  // Prepare a rich Slack message
  // See https://api.slack.com/docs/message-formatting
  const slackMessage = {
    response_type: 'in_channel',
    text: `Query: ${query}`,
    attachments: [],
  };

  if (entity) {
    const attachment = {
      color: '#3367d6',
    };
    if (entity.name) {
      attachment.title = entity.name;
      if (entity.description) {
        attachment.title = `${attachment.title}: ${entity.description}`;
      }
    }
    if (entity.detailedDescription) {
      if (entity.detailedDescription.url) {
        attachment.title_link = entity.detailedDescription.url;
      }
      if (entity.detailedDescription.articleBody) {
        attachment.text = entity.detailedDescription.articleBody;
      }
    }
    if (entity.image && entity.image.contentUrl) {
      attachment.image_url = entity.image.contentUrl;
    }
    slackMessage.attachments.push(attachment);
  } else {
    slackMessage.attachments.push({
      text: 'No results match your query...',
    });
  }

  return slackMessage;
};

Python

def format_slack_message(query, response):
    entity = None
    if (
        response
        and response.get("itemListElement") is not None
        and len(response["itemListElement"]) > 0
    ):
        entity = response["itemListElement"][0]["result"]

    message = {
        "response_type": "in_channel",
        "text": f"Query: {query}",
        "attachments": [],
    }

    attachment = {}
    if entity:
        name = entity.get("name", "")
        description = entity.get("description", "")
        detailed_desc = entity.get("detailedDescription", {})
        url = detailed_desc.get("url")
        article = detailed_desc.get("articleBody")
        image_url = entity.get("image", {}).get("contentUrl")

        attachment["color"] = "#3367d6"
        if name and description:
            attachment["title"] = "{}: {}".format(entity["name"], entity["description"])
        elif name:
            attachment["title"] = name
        if url:
            attachment["title_link"] = url
        if article:
            attachment["text"] = article
        if image_url:
            attachment["image_url"] = image_url
    else:
        attachment["text"] = "No results match your query."
    message["attachments"].append(attachment)

    return message

Go


package slack

import (
	"fmt"

	"google.golang.org/api/kgsearch/v1"
)

func formatSlackMessage(query string, response *kgsearch.SearchResponse) (*Message, error) {
	if response == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("empty response")
	}

	if response.ItemListElement == nil || len(response.ItemListElement) == 0 {
		message := &Message{
			ResponseType: "in_channel",
			Text:         fmt.Sprintf("Query: %s", query),
			Attachments: []attachment{
				{
					Color: "#d6334b",
					Text:  "No results match your query.",
				},
			},
		}
		return message, nil
	}

	entity, ok := response.ItemListElement[0].(map[string]interface{})
	if !ok {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse response entity")
	}
	result, ok := entity["result"].(map[string]interface{})
	if !ok {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error formatting response result")
	}

	attach := attachment{Color: "#3367d6"}
	if name, ok := result["name"].(string); ok {
		if description, ok := result["description"].(string); ok {
			attach.Title = fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", name, description)
		} else {
			attach.Title = name
		}
	}
	if detailedDesc, ok := result["detailedDescription"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
		if url, ok := detailedDesc["url"].(string); ok {
			attach.TitleLink = url
		}
		if article, ok := detailedDesc["articleBody"].(string); ok {
			attach.Text = article
		}
	}
	if image, ok := result["image"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
		if imageURL, ok := image["contentUrl"].(string); ok {
			attach.ImageURL = imageURL
		}
	}

	message := &Message{
		ResponseType: "in_channel",
		Text:         fmt.Sprintf("Query: %s", query),
		Attachments:  []attachment{attach},
	}
	return message, nil
}

Java

/**
 * Helper method to copy properties between {@link JsonObject}s
 */
void addPropertyIfPresent(
    JsonObject target, String targetName, JsonObject source, String sourceName) {
  if (source.has(sourceName)) {
    target.addProperty(targetName, source.get(sourceName).getAsString());
  }
}

/**
 * Format the Knowledge Graph API response into a richly formatted Slack message.
 *
 * @param kgResponse The response from the Knowledge Graph API as a {@link JsonObject}.
 * @param query The user's search query.
 * @return The formatted Slack message as a JSON string.
 */
String formatSlackMessage(JsonObject kgResponse, String query) {
  JsonObject attachmentJson = new JsonObject();

  JsonObject responseJson = new JsonObject();
  responseJson.addProperty("response_type", "in_channel");
  responseJson.addProperty("text", String.format("Query: %s", query));

  JsonArray entityList = kgResponse.getAsJsonArray("itemListElement");

  // Extract the first entity from the result list, if any
  if (entityList.size() == 0) {
    attachmentJson.addProperty("text", "No results match your query...");
    responseJson.add("attachments", attachmentJson);

    return gson.toJson(responseJson);
  }

  JsonObject entity = entityList.get(0).getAsJsonObject().getAsJsonObject("result");

  // Construct Knowledge Graph response attachment
  String title = entity.get("name").getAsString();
  if (entity.has("description")) {
    title = String.format("%s: %s", title, entity.get("description").getAsString());
  }
  attachmentJson.addProperty("title", title);

  if (entity.has("detailedDescription")) {
    JsonObject detailedDescJson = entity.getAsJsonObject("detailedDescription");
    addPropertyIfPresent(attachmentJson, "title_link", detailedDescJson, "url");
    addPropertyIfPresent(attachmentJson, "text", detailedDescJson, "articleBody");
  }

  if (entity.has("image")) {
    JsonObject imageJson = entity.getAsJsonObject("image");
    addPropertyIfPresent(attachmentJson, "image_url", imageJson, "contentUrl");
  }

  JsonArray attachmentList = new JsonArray();
  attachmentList.add(attachmentJson);

  responseJson.add("attachments", attachmentList);

  return gson.toJson(responseJson);
}

Ruby

# This is a method of the KGSearch class.
# It takes a raw SearchResponse from the Knowledge Graph Search Service,
# and formats a Slack message.
def format_slack_message query, response
  result = response.item_list_element&.first&.fetch "result", nil
  attachment =
    if result
      name = result.fetch "name", nil
      description = result.fetch "description", nil
      details = result.fetch "detailedDescription", {}
      { "title"      => name && description ? "#{name}: #{description}" : name,
        "title_link" => details.fetch("url", nil),
        "text"       => details.fetch("articleBody", nil),
        "image_url"  => result.fetch("image", nil)&.fetch("contentUrl", nil) }
    else
      { "text" => "No results match your query." }
    end
  { "response_type" => "in_channel",
    "text"          => "Query: #{query}",
    "attachments"   => [attachment.compact] }
end

Slack API 逾時

Slack API 預期函式會在收到 Webhook 要求後3 秒內回覆。

本教學課程中的指令通常會在 3 秒內回應。如果是執行時間較長的指令，建議您設定函式，將要求 (包括其 response_url) 推送至做為工作佇列的 Pub/Sub 主題。

接著，您可以建立由 Pub/Sub 觸發的第二個函式，處理這些工作並將結果傳回 Slack 的 response_url。

使用 Slash 指令

將指令輸入到您的 Slack 頻道中：
```
/kg giraffe
```
觀察記錄以確定執行已經完成：
```
gcloud functions logs read --limit 100
```

Slack 教學課程：斜線指令 (第 1 代) 透過集合功能整理內容 你可以依據偏好儲存及分類內容。

視覺化資料流動過程

建立 Knowledge Graph API 金鑰

準備函式

Node.js

Python

Go

Java

Ruby

Node.js

Python

Go

Java

Ruby

部署函式

Node.js

Python

Go

Java

Ruby

設定應用程式

Node.js

Python

Go

Java

Ruby

瞭解程式碼

匯入依附元件

Node.js

Python

Go

Java

Ruby

接收 webhook

Node.js

Python

Go

Java

Ruby

Node.js

Python

Go

Java

Ruby

查詢知識圖譜 API

Node.js

Python

Go

Java

Ruby

設定 Slack 訊息格式

Node.js

Python

Go

Java

Ruby

Slack API 逾時

使用 Slash 指令

Slack 教學課程：斜線指令 (第 1 代)