使用文字搜索

使用 Firestore 中的文本搜索功能搜索文档中的特定字符串。

版本要求

文本搜索需要 Firestore 企业版数据库。

准备工作

如需执行文本搜索，您必须先为需要搜索的字段创建文本索引。

运行文字搜索

如需执行文本搜索，请在 search(...) 阶段的 query 参数中使用 documentMatches 表达式。

该操作仅在编入文本索引的字段中进行搜索。如果有多个索引可用，Firestore 会选择一个索引用于相应操作。

Web 版本 9

const result = await execute(db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: documentMatches('waffles')
  }));
test.firestore.js
iOS
let snapshot = try await db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
  .search(query: DocumentMatches("waffles"))
  .execute()
PipelineSnippets.swift
Kotlin
Android
val pipeline = db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
    .search(SearchStage.withQuery(documentMatches("waffles")))
DocSnippets.kt
Java
Android
Pipeline pipeline = db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
        .search(SearchStage.withQuery(documentMatches("waffles")));
DocSnippets.java
Node.js
await db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: documentMatches('waffles')
  })
  .execute();
test.firestore.js
Python
from google.cloud.firestore_v1.pipeline_expressions import DocumentMatches

results = (
    client.pipeline()
    .collection("restaurants")
    .search(DocumentMatches("waffles"))
    .execute()
)
firestore_pipelines.py
Java
Pipeline.Snapshot results1 =
    firestore.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
        .search(Search.withQuery(documentMatches("waffles")))
        .execute().get();
PipelineSnippets.java
Go
snapshot := client.Pipeline().
	Collection("restaurants").
	Search(firestore.WithSearchQuery(firestore.DocumentMatches("waffles"))).
	Execute(ctx)
pipeline_snippets_search.go

搜索确切字词

如需搜索确切的字词，请用引号 (") 将字词括起来：

Web 版本 9

const result = await execute(db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: documentMatches('"belgian waffles"')
  }));
test.firestore.js
iOS
let snapshot = try await db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
  .search(query: DocumentMatches("\"belgian waffles\""))
  .execute()
PipelineSnippets.swift
Kotlin
Android
val pipeline = db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
    .search(SearchStage.withQuery(documentMatches("\"belgian waffles\"")))
DocSnippets.kt
Java
Android
Pipeline pipeline = db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
        .search(SearchStage.withQuery(documentMatches("\"belgian waffles\"")));
DocSnippets.java
Node.js
await db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: documentMatches('"belgian waffles"')
  })
  .execute();
test.firestore.js
Python
from google.cloud.firestore_v1.pipeline_expressions import DocumentMatches

results = (
    client.pipeline()
    .collection("restaurants")
    .search(DocumentMatches('"belgian waffles"'))
    .execute()
)
firestore_pipelines.py
Java
Pipeline.Snapshot results2 =
    firestore.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
        .search(Search.withQuery(documentMatches("\"belgian waffles\"")))
        .execute().get();
PipelineSnippets.java
Go
snapshot := client.Pipeline().
	Collection("restaurants").
	Search(firestore.WithSearchQuery(firestore.DocumentMatches("\"belgian waffles\""))).
	Execute(ctx)
pipeline_snippets_search.go

搜索字词组合

如需搜索字词组合（逻辑 AND），请用空格分隔字词：

Web 版本 9

const result = await execute(db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: documentMatches('waffles eggs')
  }));
test.firestore.js
iOS
let snapshot = try await db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
  .search(query: DocumentMatches("waffles eggs"))
  .execute()
PipelineSnippets.swift
Kotlin
Android
val pipeline = db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
    .search(SearchStage.withQuery(documentMatches("waffles eggs")))
DocSnippets.kt
Java
Android
Pipeline pipeline = db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
        .search(SearchStage.withQuery(documentMatches("waffles eggs")));
DocSnippets.java
Node.js
await db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: documentMatches('waffles eggs')
  })
  .execute();
test.firestore.js
Python
from google.cloud.firestore_v1.pipeline_expressions import DocumentMatches

results = (
    client.pipeline()
    .collection("restaurants")
    .search(DocumentMatches("waffles eggs"))
    .execute()
)
firestore_pipelines.py
Java
firestore.collection("restaurants").add(new HashMap<String, Object>() {{
  put("name", "Morning Diner");
  put("description", "Start your day with waffles and eggs.");
}});
Pipeline.Snapshot results3 =
    firestore.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
        .search(Search.withQuery(documentMatches("waffles eggs")))
        .execute().get();
PipelineSnippets.java
Go
snapshot := client.Pipeline().
	Collection("restaurants").
	Search(firestore.WithSearchQuery(firestore.DocumentMatches("waffles eggs"))).
	Execute(ctx)
pipeline_snippets_search.go

排除某个术语

如需排除某个字词，请在该字词前面加上连字符 (-)：

Web 版本 9

const result = await execute(db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: documentMatches('coffee -waffles')
  }));
test.firestore.js
iOS
let snapshot = try await db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
  .search(query: DocumentMatches("coffee -waffles"))
  .execute()
PipelineSnippets.swift
Kotlin
Android
val pipeline = db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
    .search(SearchStage.withQuery(documentMatches("waffles eggs")))
DocSnippets.kt
Java
Android
Pipeline pipeline = db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
        .search(SearchStage.withQuery(documentMatches("coffee -waffles")));
DocSnippets.java
Node.js
await db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: documentMatches('-waffles')
  })
  .execute();
test.firestore.js
Python
from google.cloud.firestore_v1.pipeline_expressions import DocumentMatches

results = (
    client.pipeline()
    .collection("restaurants")
    .search(DocumentMatches("-waffles"))
    .execute()
)
firestore_pipelines.py
Java
firestore.collection("restaurants").add(new HashMap<String, Object>() {{
  put("name", "City Coffee");
  put("description", "Premium coffee and pastries.");
}});
Pipeline.Snapshot results4 =
    firestore.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
        .search(Search.withQuery(documentMatches("-waffles")))
        .execute().get();
PipelineSnippets.java
Go
snapshot := client.Pipeline().
	Collection("restaurants").
	Search(firestore.WithSearchQuery(firestore.DocumentMatches("-waffles"))).
	Execute(ctx)
pipeline_snippets_search.go

您还可以排除某个短语，例如 pizza -"New York"。

对结果排序

默认情况下，Firestore 会按文档创建时间对结果进行排序，从最新到最旧。您可以改为按搜索得分排序，但这需要更多计算资源来计算和比较每个文档的确切得分：

如需按搜索得分对结果进行排序，请执行以下操作：

Web 版本 9

const result = await execute(db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: documentMatches('waffles'),
    sort: score().descending()
  }));
iOS
let snapshot = try await db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
  .search(
      query: DocumentMatches("waffles"),
      sort: [Score().descending()]
      )
  .execute()
Kotlin
Android
val pipeline = db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
    .search(SearchStage
              .withQuery(documentMatches("waffles"))
              .withSort(score().descending())
              )
Node.js
await db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: documentMatches('waffles'),
    sort: score().descending()
  })
  .execute();

向搜索阶段返回的文档添加字段

您可以使用 addFields 向搜索阶段返回的文档添加字段。返回由搜索阶段计算的值（例如 score()）的表达式可在搜索阶段的 addFields 中使用，以将这些值写入输出文档。

以下示例将 score 字段添加到搜索阶段返回的文档中：

Web 版本 9

const result = await execute(db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: 'menu:waffles',
    addFields: [
        score().as('score'),
    ]
  }));
test.firestore.js
iOS
let snapshot = try await db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
  .search(
    query: DocumentMatches("waffles"),
    addFields: [
      Score().as("score")
    ]
  )
  .execute()
PipelineSnippets.swift
Kotlin
Android
val pipeline = db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
    .search(SearchStage.withQuery(documentMatches("waffles eggs")))
DocSnippets.kt
Java
Android
Pipeline pipeline = db.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
        .search(
                SearchStage.withQuery(documentMatches("menu:waffles"))
                        .withAddFields(score().alias("score")));
DocSnippets.java
Node.js
await db.pipeline().collection('restaurants')
  .search({
    query: field('menu').matches('waffles'),
    addFields: [
        score().as('score'),
    ]
  }).execute();
test.firestore.js
Python
from google.cloud.firestore_v1.pipeline_expressions import DocumentMatches, Score
from google.cloud.firestore_v1.pipeline_stages import SearchOptions

results = (
    client.pipeline()
    .collection("restaurants")
    .search(
        SearchOptions(
            query=DocumentMatches("menu:waffles"),
            add_fields=[Score().as_("score")],
        )
    )
    .execute()
)
firestore_pipelines.py
Java
Pipeline.Snapshot results5 =
    firestore.pipeline().collection("restaurants")
        .search(Search.withQuery(field("menu").regexMatch("waffles"))
            .withAddFields(score().as("score")))
        .execute().get();
PipelineSnippets.java
Go
snapshot := client.Pipeline().
	Collection("restaurants").
	Search(
		firestore.WithSearchQuery(firestore.FieldOf("menu").RegexMatch("waffles")),
		firestore.WithSearchAddFields(firestore.Score().As("score")),
	).
	Execute(ctx)
pipeline_snippets_search.go