Managed Service for Apache Spark 現在包含先前的「Dataproc on Compute Engine」(叢集部署) 和「Google Cloud Serverless for Apache Spark」(無伺服器部署) 產品選項。
這兩項服務都提供代管、高度可擴充、適用於正式環境且安全的 Spark 環境，並與 OSS 相容，完全支援資料格式，但兩者的底層基礎架構管理和資源計費方式，均有根本上的差異。請參閱下列功能和用途，協助您選擇 Spark 解決方案。
如要進一步瞭解 Managed Service for Apache Spark 叢集部署作業，請參閱「Managed Service for Apache Spark 叢集部署作業總覽」。
Compare Managed Service for Apache Spark deployments
The following table lists key differences between Managed Service for Apache Spark cluster and serverless deployments.
| Deployment | Serverless | Cluster |
|---|---|---|
| Processing frameworks | Batch workloads and interactive sessions: Spark | Spark. Other open source frameworks, such as Hive, Flink, Trino, and Kafka |
| Serverless | Yes | No |
| Startup time | 50s | 120s |
| Infrastructure control | No | Yes |
| Resource management | Serverless | YARN |
| GPU support | Yes | Yes |
| Interactive sessions | Yes | No |
| Custom containers | Yes | No |
| VM access (SSH) | No | Yes |
| Java versions | Java 17, 21 | Java 17 and previous versions |
Decide on the best Managed Service for Apache Spark Spark deployment
This section outlines core Managed Service for Apache Spark strengths and primary use cases to help you select the best Managed Service for Apache Spark deployment—cluster or serverless— for your Spark workloads.
Overview
Managed Service for Apache Spark deployments differ in the degree of control, infrastructure management, and billing mode that each offer.
- serverless deployment: Managed Service for Apache Spark offers Spark-jobs-as-a-service, running Spark on fully managed Google Cloud infrastructure. You pay for job runtime.
- cluster deployment: Offers Spark-clusters-as-a-service, running managed Spark on your Compute Engine infrastructure. You pay for cluster uptime.
Due to these differences, each Managed Service for Apache Spark deployment is best suited in the following use cases:
| Deployment | Use cases |
|---|---|
| serverless | Different dedicated job environments Scheduled batch workloads Code management prioritized over infrastructure management |
| cluster | Long-running, shared environments Workloads requiring granular control over infrastructure Migrating legacy Hadoop and Spark environments |
Key differences
| Feature | serverless deployment | cluster deployment |
|---|---|---|
| Management model | Fully managed, serverless execution environment. | Cluster-based. You provision and manage clusters. |
| Control & customization | Less infrastructure control, with focus on submitting code and specifying Spark parameters. | Greater control over cluster configuration, machine types, and software. Ability to use spot VMs, and reuse reservations and Compute Engine resource capacity. Suitable for workloads that have a dependency on specific VM shapes, such as CPU architectures. |
| Use cases | Ad-hoc queries, interactive analysis, new Spark pipelines, and workloads with unpredictable resource needs. | Long-running, shared clusters, migrating existing Hadoop and Spark workloads with custom configs, workloads requiring deep customization. |
| Operational overhead | Lower overhead. Google Cloud manages the infrastructure, scaling, and provisioning, enabling a NoOps model. Gemini Cloud Assist makes troubleshooting easier while serverless autotuning helps provide optimal performance. |
Higher overhead that requires cluster management, scaling, and maintenance. |
| Efficiency model | No idle compute overhead: compute resource allocation only when the job is running. No startup and shutdown cost. Shared interactive sessions supported for improved efficiency. | Efficiency gained by sharing clusters across jobs and teams, with a sharing, multi-tenancy model. |
| Location control | Managed Service for Apache Spark supports regional workloads without extra cost to provide extra reliability and obtainability. | Clusters are zonal. The zone can be auto-selected during cluster creation. |
| Cost | Billed only for the duration of the Spark job execution, not including startup and teardown, based on resources consumed. Billed as Data Compute Units (DCU) used and other infrastructure costs. | Billed for the time the cluster is running, including startup and teardown, based on the number of nodes. Includes Managed Service for Apache Spark license fee plus infrastructure cost. |
| Committed Usage Discounts (CUDs) | BigQuery spend-based CUDs apply to Managed Service for Apache Spark jobs. | Compute Engine CUDs apply to all resource usage. |
| Image and runtime control | Users can pin to minor Managed Service for Apache Spark runtime versions; subminor versions are managed by Managed Service for Apache Spark. | Users can pin to minor and subminor Managed Service for Apache Spark image versions. |
| Resource management | serverless | YARN |
| GPU support | Yes | Yes |
| Interactive sessions | Yes | No |
| Custom containers | Yes | No |
| VM access (SSH) | No | Yes |
| Java versions | Java 17, 21 |
Previous versions supported |
| Startup time | 50s | 120s |
When to choose serverless deployment
Managed Service for Apache Spark serverless deployment abstracts away the complexities of cluster management, allowing you to focus on Spark code. This makes it an excellent choice for use in the following data processing scenarios:
- Ad-hoc and interactive analysis: For data scientists and analysts who run interactive queries and exploratory analysis using Spark, the serverless model provides a quick way to get started without focusing on infrastructure.
- Spark-based applications and pipelines: When building new data pipelines or applications on Spark, Managed Service for Apache Spark can significantly accelerate development by removing the operational overhead of cluster management.
- Workloads with sporadic or unpredictable demand: For intermittent Spark jobs or jobs with fluctuating resource requirements, serverless autoscaling and pay-per-use pricing (charges apply to job resource consumption) can significantly reduce costs.
- Developer productivity focus: By eliminating the need for cluster provisioning and management, Managed Service for Apache Spark speeds the creation of business logic, provides faster insights, and increases productivity.
- Simplified operations and reduced overhead: Managed Service for Apache Spark infrastructure management reduces operational burdens and costs.
When to choose cluster deployment
You can use Managed Service for Apache Spark cluster deployment to run Apache Spark and other open source data processing frameworks. It offers a high degree of control and flexibility, making it the preferred choice in the following scenarios:
- Migrating existing Hadoop and Spark workloads: Supports migrating on-premises Hadoop or Spark clusters to Google Cloud. Replicate existing configurations with minimal code changes, particularly when using older Spark versions.
- Deep customization and control: Lets you customize cluster machine types, disk sizes, and network configurations. This level of control is critical for performance tuning and optimizing resource utilization for complex, long-running jobs.
- Long-running and persistent clusters: Supports continuous, long-running Spark jobs and persistent clusters for multiple teams and projects.
- Diverse open source ecosystem: Provides a unified environment to run data processing pipelines running Hadoop ecosystem tools, such as Hive, Pig, or Presto, with your Spark workloads.
- Security compliance: Enables control over infrastructure to meet specific security or compliance standards, such as safeguarding personally identifiable information (PII) or protected health information (PHI).
- Infrastructure flexibility: Offers Spot VMs and the ability to reuse reservations and Compute Engine resource capacity to balance resource use and facilitate your cloud infrastructure strategy.
Summing up
The decision whether to use Managed Service for Apache Spark cluster or serverless deployment depends on your workload requirements, operational preferences, and preferred level of control.
- Choose Managed Service for Apache Spark serverless for its ease of use, cost-efficiency for intermittent workloads, and its ability to accelerate development for new Spark applications by removing the overhead of infrastructure management.
- Choose Managed Service for Apache Spark clusters when you need maximum control, need to migrate Hadoop or Spark workloads, or require a persistent, customized, shared cluster environment.
After evaluating the factors listed in this section, select the most efficient and cost-effective Managed Service for Apache Spark deployment to run Spark to unlock the full potential of your data.