辨識器

Cloud Speech-to-Text API V2 支援名為「辨識器」 Google Cloud 的資源。辨識器代表儲存且可重複使用的辨識設定。您可以運用這些標籤，將應用程式的轉錄內容或流量歸類為邏輯群組。

事前準備

登入 Google Cloud 帳戶。如果您是 Google Cloud新手，歡迎 建立帳戶，親自評估產品在實際工作環境中的成效。新客戶還能獲得價值 $300 美元的免費抵免額，可用於執行、測試及部署工作負載。

In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

Roles required to select or create a project

• Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
• Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

Go to project selector

Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

Enable the Speech-to-Text APIs.

Roles required to enable APIs

To enable APIs, you need the serviceusage.services.enable permission. If you created the project, then you likely already have this permission through the Owner role (roles/owner). Otherwise, you can get this permission through the Service Usage Admin role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin). Learn how to grant roles.

Enable the APIs

Make sure that you have the following role or roles on the project: Cloud Speech Administrator

Check for the roles

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

   Go to IAM
2. Select the project.

3. In the Principal column, find all rows that identify you or a group that you're included in. To learn which groups you're included in, contact your administrator.

4. For all rows that specify or include you, check the Role column to see whether the list of roles includes the required roles.

Grant the roles

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

   Go to IAM
2. Select the project.
3. Click Grant access.

4. In the New principals field, enter your user identifier. This is typically the email address for a Google Account.

5. Click Select a role, then search for the role.
6. To grant additional roles, click Add another role and add each additional role.
7. Click Save.

安裝 Google Cloud CLI。

注意：如果您先前已安裝 gcloud CLI，請執行 gcloud components update，確認您使用的是最新版本。

若您採用的是外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP)，請先使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI。

執行下列指令，初始化 gcloud CLI：

gcloud init

In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

Roles required to select or create a project

• Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
• Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

Go to project selector

Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

Enable the Speech-to-Text APIs.

Roles required to enable APIs

To enable APIs, you need the serviceusage.services.enable permission. If you created the project, then you likely already have this permission through the Owner role (roles/owner). Otherwise, you can get this permission through the Service Usage Admin role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin). Learn how to grant roles.

Enable the APIs

Make sure that you have the following role or roles on the project: Cloud Speech Administrator

Check for the roles

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

   Go to IAM
2. Select the project.

3. In the Principal column, find all rows that identify you or a group that you're included in. To learn which groups you're included in, contact your administrator.

4. For all rows that specify or include you, check the Role column to see whether the list of roles includes the required roles.

Grant the roles

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

   Go to IAM
2. Select the project.
3. Click Grant access.

4. In the New principals field, enter your user identifier. This is typically the email address for a Google Account.

5. Click Select a role, then search for the role.
6. To grant additional roles, click Add another role and add each additional role.
7. Click Save.

安裝 Google Cloud CLI。

注意：如果您先前已安裝 gcloud CLI，請執行 gcloud components update，確認您使用的是最新版本。

若您採用的是外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP)，請先使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI。

執行下列指令，初始化 gcloud CLI：

gcloud init

用戶端程式庫可以使用應用程式預設憑證，輕鬆向 Google API 進行驗證，然後傳送要求給這些 API。有了應用程式預設憑證，您就能在本機測試應用程式並部署，不必變更基礎程式碼。詳情請參閱「 進行驗證以使用用戶端程式庫」一文。

1. 如果您使用本機殼層，請為使用者帳戶建立本機驗證憑證：

   gcloud auth application-default login

   如果您使用 Cloud Shell，則不需要執行這項操作。

   如果系統傳回驗證錯誤，且您使用外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP)，請確認您已 使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI。

此外，請務必安裝用戶端程式庫。

瞭解辨識器

辨識器是可設定、可重複使用的辨識設定。使用常用的辨識設定建立辨識器，有助於簡化辨識要求並縮減其大小。

辨識器的核心元素是預設設定。這是辨識器執行的每項辨識要求的設定。您可以根據個別要求覆寫這項預設值。針對特定辨識工具的要求，保留所需功能的預設設定，同時覆寫特定要求中的特定功能。

盡可能重複使用辨識器。為每個要求建立一個工作階段，會大幅增加應用程式的延遲時間，並耗用資源配額。在整合和設定期間，請盡量不要頻繁建立這些項目，然後重複用於辨識要求。

建立辨識器

以下範例說明如何建立辨識器，用來傳送辨識要求：

Python

import os

from google.cloud.speech_v2 import SpeechClient
from google.cloud.speech_v2.types import cloud_speech

PROJECT_ID = os.getenv("GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT")


def create_recognizer(recognizer_id: str) -> cloud_speech.Recognizer:
    """Сreates a recognizer with an unique ID and default recognition configuration.
    Args:
        recognizer_id (str): The unique identifier for the recognizer to be created.
    Returns:
        cloud_speech.Recognizer: The created recognizer object with configuration.
    """
    # Instantiates a client
    client = SpeechClient()

    request = cloud_speech.CreateRecognizerRequest(
        parent=f"projects/{PROJECT_ID}/locations/global",
        recognizer_id=recognizer_id,
        recognizer=cloud_speech.Recognizer(
            default_recognition_config=cloud_speech.RecognitionConfig(
                language_codes=["en-US"], model="long"
            ),
        ),
    )
    # Sends the request to create a recognizer and waits for the operation to complete
    operation = client.create_recognizer(request=request)
    recognizer = operation.result()

    print("Created Recognizer:", recognizer.name)
    return recognizer

使用現有辨識器傳送要求

以下範例說明如何使用同一個辨識器傳送多個辨識要求：

Python

import os

from google.cloud.speech_v2 import SpeechClient
from google.cloud.speech_v2.types import cloud_speech

PROJECT_ID = os.getenv("GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT")


def transcribe_reuse_recognizer(
    audio_file: str,
    recognizer_id: str,
) -> cloud_speech.RecognizeResponse:
    """Transcribe an audio file using an existing recognizer.
    Args:
        audio_file (str): Path to the local audio file to be transcribed.
            Example: "resources/audio.wav"
        recognizer_id (str): The ID of the existing recognizer to be used for transcription.
    Returns:
        cloud_speech.RecognizeResponse: The response containing the transcription results.
    """
    # Instantiates a client
    client = SpeechClient()

    # Reads a file as bytes
    with open(audio_file, "rb") as f:
        audio_content = f.read()

    request = cloud_speech.RecognizeRequest(
        recognizer=f"projects/{PROJECT_ID}/locations/global/recognizers/{recognizer_id}",
        content=audio_content,
    )

    # Transcribes the audio into text
    response = client.recognize(request=request)

    for result in response.results:
        print(f"Transcript: {result.alternatives[0].transcript}")

    return response

在辨識器中啟用功能

辨識器可用於啟用辨識功能中的各種功能，例如自動加上標點符號或過濾不雅用語。

以下範例說明如何在辨識工具中啟用自動加上標點符號功能，以便在透過這個辨識工具提出的辨識要求中自動加上標點符號：

附註： 本文件中的範例會重複說明如何建立辨識器。不過，您應該減少建立範本的頻率，並經常重複使用。

Python

from google.cloud.speech_v2 import SpeechClient
from google.cloud.speech_v2.types import cloud_speech

from google.api_core.exceptions import NotFound

# Instantiates a client
client = SpeechClient()

# TODO(developer): Update and un-comment below line
# PROJECT_ID = "your-project-id"
# recognizer_id = "id-recognizer"
recognizer_name = (
    f"projects/{PROJECT_ID}/locations/global/recognizers/{recognizer_id}"
)
try:
    # Use an existing recognizer
    recognizer = client.get_recognizer(name=recognizer_name)
    print("Using existing Recognizer:", recognizer.name)
except NotFound:
    # Create a new recognizer
    request = cloud_speech.CreateRecognizerRequest(
        parent=f"projects/{PROJECT_ID}/locations/global",
        recognizer_id=recognizer_id,
        recognizer=cloud_speech.Recognizer(
            default_recognition_config=cloud_speech.RecognitionConfig(
                auto_decoding_config=cloud_speech.AutoDetectDecodingConfig(),
                language_codes=["en-US"],
                model="latest_long",
                features=cloud_speech.RecognitionFeatures(
                    enable_automatic_punctuation=True,
                ),
            ),
        ),
    )
    operation = client.create_recognizer(request=request)
    recognizer = operation.result()
    print("Created Recognizer:", recognizer.name)

# Reads a file as bytes
with open(audio_file, "rb") as f:
    audio_content = f.read()

request = cloud_speech.RecognizeRequest(
    recognizer=f"projects/{PROJECT_ID}/locations/global/recognizers/{recognizer_id}",
    content=audio_content,
)

# Transcribes the audio into text
response = client.recognize(request=request)

for result in response.results:
    print(f"Transcript: {result.alternatives[0].transcript}")

在辨識要求中覆寫辨識器功能

以下範例說明如何在辨識器中啟用多項功能，但針對這項辨識要求停用自動標點符號：

Python

import os

from google.cloud.speech_v2 import SpeechClient
from google.cloud.speech_v2.types import cloud_speech
from google.protobuf.field_mask_pb2 import FieldMask

PROJECT_ID = os.getenv("GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT")


def transcribe_override_recognizer(
    audio_file: str,
    recognizer_id: str,
) -> cloud_speech.RecognizeResponse:
    """Transcribe an audio file using an existing recognizer with overridden settings for the recognition request.
    Args:
        audio_file (str): Path to the local audio file to be transcribed.
            Example: "resources/audio.wav"
        recognizer_id (str): The unique ID of the recognizer to be used for transcription.
    Returns:
        cloud_speech.RecognizeResponse: The response containing the transcription results.
    """
    # Instantiates a client
    client = SpeechClient()

    request = cloud_speech.CreateRecognizerRequest(
        parent=f"projects/{PROJECT_ID}/locations/global",
        recognizer_id=recognizer_id,
        recognizer=cloud_speech.Recognizer(
            default_recognition_config=cloud_speech.RecognitionConfig(
                auto_decoding_config=cloud_speech.AutoDetectDecodingConfig(),
                language_codes=["en-US"],
                model="latest_long",
                features=cloud_speech.RecognitionFeatures(
                    enable_automatic_punctuation=True,
                    enable_word_time_offsets=True,
                ),
            ),
        ),
    )

    operation = client.create_recognizer(request=request)
    recognizer = operation.result()

    print("Created Recognizer:", recognizer.name)

    # Reads a file as bytes
    with open(audio_file, "rb") as f:
        audio_content = f.read()

    request = cloud_speech.RecognizeRequest(
        recognizer=f"projects/{PROJECT_ID}/locations/global/recognizers/{recognizer_id}",
        config=cloud_speech.RecognitionConfig(
            features=cloud_speech.RecognitionFeatures(
                enable_word_time_offsets=False,
            ),
        ),
        config_mask=FieldMask(paths=["features.enable_word_time_offsets"]),
        content=audio_content,
    )

    # Transcribes the audio into text
    response = client.recognize(request=request)

    for result in response.results:
        print(f"Transcript: {result.alternatives[0].transcript}")

    return response

傳送不含辨識器的要求

辨識要求中的辨識器為選用項目。如要在沒有辨識器的情況下提出要求，請在提出要求的地點使用辨識器資源 ID _。範例如下：

Python

import os

from google.cloud.speech_v2 import SpeechClient
from google.cloud.speech_v2.types import cloud_speech

PROJECT_ID = os.getenv("GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT")


def quickstart_v2(audio_file: str) -> cloud_speech.RecognizeResponse:
    """Transcribe an audio file.
    Args:
        audio_file (str): Path to the local audio file to be transcribed.
    Returns:
        cloud_speech.RecognizeResponse: The response from the recognize request, containing
        the transcription results
    """
    # Reads a file as bytes
    with open(audio_file, "rb") as f:
        audio_content = f.read()

    # Instantiates a client
    client = SpeechClient()

    config = cloud_speech.RecognitionConfig(
        auto_decoding_config=cloud_speech.AutoDetectDecodingConfig(),
        language_codes=["en-US"],
        model="long",
    )

    request = cloud_speech.RecognizeRequest(
        recognizer=f"projects/{PROJECT_ID}/locations/global/recognizers/_",
        config=config,
        content=audio_content,
    )

    # Transcribes the audio into text
    response = client.recognize(request=request)

    for result in response.results:
        print(f"Transcript: {result.alternatives[0].transcript}")

    return response

清除所用資源

為避免系統向您的 Google Cloud 帳戶收取本頁面所用資源的費用，請按照下列步驟操作。

1. 選用：撤銷您建立的驗證憑證，並刪除本機憑證檔案。

   gcloud auth application-default revoke

2. 選用：從 gcloud CLI 撤銷憑證。

   gcloud auth revoke

控制台

注意：刪除專案會造成以下結果：

• 專案中的所有內容都會遭到刪除。如果使用現有專案來進行本文中的任務，刪除專案將一併移除當中已完成的其他任務'。
• 自訂專案 ID 會消失。當您之前建立這個專案時，可能建立了想要在日後使用的自訂專案 ID。如要保留使用該專案 ID 的網址 (例如 appspot.com 網址)，請刪除在該專案中選取的資源，而不是刪除整個專案。

如果打算探索多種架構、教學課程或快速入門導覽課程，重複使用專案可避免超出專案配額限制。

前往 Google Cloud 控制台的「Manage resources」(管理資源) 頁面。

前往「Manage resources」(管理資源)

在專案清單中選取要刪除的專案，然後點選「Delete」(刪除)。

在對話方塊中輸入專案 ID，然後按一下 [Shut down] (關閉) 以刪除專案。

gcloud

注意：刪除專案會造成以下結果：

• 專案中的所有內容都會遭到刪除。如果使用現有專案來進行本文中的任務，刪除專案將一併移除當中已完成的其他任務'。
• 自訂專案 ID 會消失。當您之前建立這個專案時，可能建立了想要在日後使用的自訂專案 ID。如要保留使用該專案 ID 的網址 (例如 appspot.com 網址)，請刪除在該專案中選取的資源，而不是刪除整個專案。

如果打算探索多種架構、教學課程或快速入門導覽課程，重複使用專案可避免超出專案配額限制。

刪除 Google Cloud 專案：

gcloud projects delete PROJECT_ID

後續步驟

• 瞭解如何轉錄短音訊檔案。
• 瞭解如何轉錄串流音訊。
• 瞭解如何轉錄長音訊檔案。
• 如要獲得最佳效能、準確率與其他提示，請參閱最佳做法說明文件。