- [### Overview of APIs and client libraries
  The client libraries, the RPC API, and the REST
  API provide programmatic access to Spanner.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/api-libraries-overview)
- [### Spanner client libraries
  Get started with Spanner in your language of choice.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/libraries)
- [### JDBC drivers
  Overview of the JDBC drivers available for use with Spanner.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/jdbc-drivers)
- [### Connect JDBC to a GoogleSQL-dialect database
  How to use the Spanner JDBC driver to update a database schema, add and
  update rows using DML statements in autocommit mode and as part of a batch
  transaction, and run a SQL query.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/use-oss-jdbc)
- [### Spanner JDBC driver FAQ
  FAQ for Spanner's open-source JDBC driver written by Google.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/open-source-jdbc)
- [### Connect JDBC to a PostgreSQL-dialect database
  How to use the PostgreSQL JDBC driver with a PostgreSQL-dialect database.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/pg-jdbc-connect)
- [### Connect JDBC to a PostgreSQL-dialect database
  How to use the PostgreSQL JDBC driver with a PostgreSQL-dialect database.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/pg-jdbc-connect)
- [### MCP reference (Preview)
  Spanner's MCP reference.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/mcp)
- [### RPC reference
  Spanner's RPC API reference.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/rpc)
- [### REST reference
  Spanner's REST API reference.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/rest)
- [### GoogleSQL lexical structure and syntax
  GoogleSQL reference for identifiers, literals, keywords, operators, and special characters.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical)
- [### GoogleSQL data definition language (DDL)
  DDL reference for creating, altering, or dropping tables and indexes in a GoogleSQL database.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language)
- [### GoogleSQL data manipulation language syntax
  Reference for GoogleSQL's data manipulation language.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/standard-sql/dml-syntax)
- [### GoogleSQL query syntax
  GoogleSQL reference for executing SELECT statements.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax)
- [### GoogleSQL functions
  Reference for supported GoogleSQL functions.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-all)
- [### PostgreSQL lexical structure and syntax
  Reference for identifiers, literals, keywords, operators, and special characters in PostgreSQL databases.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/postgresql/lexical)
- [### PostgreSQL data definition language
  Reference for data definition language (DDL) statements in PostgreSQL databases.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/postgresql/data-definition-language)
- [### PostgreSQL data manipulation language
  Reference for data manipulation language (DML) statements in PostgreSQL databases.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/postgresql/dml-syntax)
- [### PostgreSQL queries
  Reference for the SELECT statement in PostgreSQL databases.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/postgresql/query-syntax)
- [### PostgreSQL subqueries
  Reference for subqueries in PostgreSQL databases.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/postgresql/subqueries)
- [### PostgreSQL data types
  Reference for supported data types in PostgreSQL databases.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/postgresql/data-types)
- [### PostgreSQL functions
  Reference for supported functions in PostgreSQL databases.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/postgresql/functions-and-operators)
- [### Information schema
  Reference for the built-in schema that's common to every Spanner database.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/information-schema)
- [### Query optimizer version history
  The built-in table that stores optimizer version information.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/query-optimizer/query-optimizer-versions)
- [### Query execution operators
  Operators used in Spanner query execution plans.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/query-execution-operators)
- [### Google Cloud CLI
  Common gcloud commands for interacting with Spanner from the command line.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/gcloud-spanner)
- [### psql command-line tool
  Reference for psql command support in the PostgreSQL interface for Spanner.](https://docs.cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/psql-commands)