使用 TimesFM 模型检测多个时序中的异常值

本教程介绍了如何将 AI.DETECT_ANOMALIES函数 与 BigQuery ML 内置的 TimesFM 模型搭配使用,以检测时序数据中的异常值。

本教程使用来自公开的 bigquery-public-data.san_francisco_bikeshare.bikeshare_trips 表中的数据。

目标

本教程将引导您使用 AI.DETECT_ANOMALIES 函数和内置的 TimesFM 模型来检测共享单车行程中的异常值。第一部分介绍了如何检测单个时序的异常值并直观呈现结果。第二部分介绍了如何检测多个时序的异常值。

费用

本教程使用 Google Cloud的可计费组件,包括以下组件:

  • BigQuery
  • BigQuery ML

如需详细了解 BigQuery 费用,请参阅 BigQuery 价格页面。

如需详细了解 BigQuery ML 费用,请参阅 BigQuery ML 价格

准备工作

  1. 登录您的 Google Cloud 账号。如果您是新手 Google Cloud, 请创建一个账号来评估我们的产品在 实际场景中的表现。新客户还可获享 $300 赠金,用于 运行、测试和部署工作负载。
  2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Roles required to select or create a project

    • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
    • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

    Go to project selector

  3. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  4. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Roles required to select or create a project

    • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
    • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

    Go to project selector

  5. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  6. 新项目会自动启用 BigQuery。 如需在预先存在的项目中激活 BigQuery,请

    启用 BigQuery API。

    启用 API 所需的角色

    如需启用 API,您需要拥有 Service Usage Admin IAM 角色 (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin),该角色包含 serviceusage.services.enable 权限。了解如何授予角色

    启用 API

检测单个共享单车行程时序中的异常值

使用 AI.DETECT_ANOMALIES 函数检测时序数据中的异常值。

以下查询根据上个月的历史数据,检测 2017 年 8 月每小时的共享单车行程数中的异常值。anomaly_prob_threshold 实参表示用于标识异常值的阈值。

请按照以下步骤使用 TimesFM 模型检测异常值:

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,前往 BigQuery 页面。

    转到 BigQuery

  2. 在查询编辑器中,粘贴以下查询,然后点击运行。查询需要 1-2 分钟才能完成:

    WITH
      bike_share_trips AS (
        SELECT
          TIMESTAMP_TRUNC(start_date, HOUR) AS trip_hour, COUNT(*) AS num_trips
        FROM `bigquery-public-data.san_francisco_bikeshare.bikeshare_trips`
        GROUP BY TIMESTAMP_TRUNC(start_date, HOUR)
      )
    SELECT *
    FROM
      AI.DETECT_ANOMALIES(
        (
          SELECT *
          FROM bike_share_trips
          WHERE trip_hour >= TIMESTAMP('2017-07-01') AND trip_hour < TIMESTAMP('2017-08-01')
        ),
        (
          SELECT *
          FROM bike_share_trips
          WHERE trip_hour >= TIMESTAMP('2017-08-01') AND trip_hour < TIMESTAMP('2017-09-01')
        ),
        anomaly_prob_threshold => 0.95,
        timestamp_col => 'trip_hour',
        data_col => 'num_trips');

    结果类似于以下内容:

    +-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    | time_series_timestamp   | time_series_data | is_anomaly | lower_bound        | upper_bound         | anomaly_probability | ai_detect_anomalies_status|
    +-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    | 2017-08-01 00:00:00 UTC | 13.0             | false      | -1.97939332204...  | 27.604928623830...  | 0.38048622012138... |                           |
    +-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    | 2017-08-01 01:00:00 UTC | 6.0              | false      | -9.42939322810...  | 20.154928628380...  | 0.38048622012138... |                           |
    +-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    | ...                     | ...              | ...        | ...                | ...                 | ...                 | ...                       |
    +-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    
  3. 查询运行完毕后,点击可视化图表 标签页。生成的图表如下所示:

    绘制 1 个月的输入数据时间点以及 AI.DETECT_ANOMALIES 函数输出数据,以显示异常情况。

    您可以标识 time_series_data 值超出 lower_boundupper_bound 范围的异常值。

检测多个共享单车行程时序中的异常值

以下查询根据上个月的历史数据,检测 2017 年 8 月每种订阅方类型每小时的共享单车行程数中的异常值。

请按照以下步骤使用 TimesFM 模型检测异常值:

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,前往 BigQuery 页面。

    转到 BigQuery

  2. 在查询编辑器中,粘贴以下查询,然后点击运行

    WITH
      bike_share_trips AS (
        SELECT
          TIMESTAMP_TRUNC(start_date, HOUR) AS trip_hour, COUNT(*) AS num_trips, subscriber_type
        FROM `bigquery-public-data.san_francisco_bikeshare.bikeshare_trips`
        GROUP BY TIMESTAMP_TRUNC(start_date, HOUR), subscriber_type
      )
    SELECT *
    FROM
      AI.DETECT_ANOMALIES(
        (
          SELECT *
          FROM bike_share_trips
          WHERE trip_hour >= TIMESTAMP('2017-07-01') AND trip_hour < TIMESTAMP('2017-08-01')
        ),
        (
          SELECT *
          FROM bike_share_trips
          WHERE trip_hour >= TIMESTAMP('2017-08-01') AND trip_hour < TIMESTAMP('2017-09-01')
        ),
        anomaly_prob_threshold => 0.95,
        timestamp_col => 'trip_hour',
        data_col => 'num_trips',
        id_cols => ['subscriber_type']);

    结果类似于以下内容:

    +-----------------+-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    | subscriber_type | time_series_timestamp   | time_series_data | is_anomaly | lower_bound        | upper_bound         | anomaly_probability | ai_detect_anomalies_status|
    +-----------------+-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    | Customer        | 2017-08-01 00:00:00 UTC | 13.0             | false      | -1.97939332204...  | 27.604928623830...  | 0.38048622012138... |                           |
    +-----------------+-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    | Customer        | 2017-08-01 01:00:00 UTC | 3.0              | false      | -5.12345678901...  | 10.123456789012...  | 0.12345678901234... |                           |
    +-----------------+-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    | ...             | ...                     | ...              | ...        | ...                | ...                 | ...                 | ...                       |
    +-----------------+-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    | Subscriber      | 2017-08-01 00:00:00 UTC | 13.0             | false      | -1.97939332204...  | 27.604928623830...  | 0.38048622012138... |                           |
    +-----------------+-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    | Subscriber      | 2017-08-01 01:00:00 UTC | 3.0              | false      | -5.12345678901...  | 10.123456789012...  | 0.12345678901234... |                           |
    +-----------------+-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    | ...             | ...                     | ...              | ...        | ...                | ...                 | ...                 | ...                       |
    +-----------------+-------------------------+------------------+------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+
    

清理

为避免因本教程中使用的资源导致您的 Google Cloud 账号产生费用,请删除包含这些资源的项目,或者保留项目但删除各个资源。

删除项目

如需删除项目,请执行以下操作:

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,前往 管理资源 页面。

    转到“管理资源”

  2. 在项目列表中,选择要删除的项目,然后点击删除
  3. 在对话框中输入项目 ID,然后点击 关闭以删除项目。

后续步骤